Outcomes of hypotheses
| Hypotheses | Relationships | β-values | p-values | Results |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Direct effects | ||||
| H1 | PRO→HED | 0.27*** | 0.000 | Supported |
| H2 | ULT→HED | 0.28*** | 0.000 | Supported |
| H3 | PER→HED | 0.08 n.s | 0.070 | Not supported |
| H4 | SOC→HED | 0.27*** | 0.000 | Supported |
| H5 | CON→ HED | 0.09* | 0.036 | Supported |
| H6 | HED→IRR | −0.54*** | 0.000 | Supported |
| H7 | IRR→INT | −0.09** | 0.010 | Supported |
| H8 | HED→CRE | 0.56*** | 0.000 | Supported |
| H9 | CRE→INT | 0.17*** | 0.000 | Supported |
| H10 | HED→INT | 0.72*** | 0.000 | Supported |
| Mediation analysis | ||||
| H11a | HED→IRR→INT | −0.083*** | 0.013 | Competitive mediation |
| H11b | HED→CRE→INT | 0.155*** | 0.002 | Complementary mediation |
| Hypotheses | Relationships | Results | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PRO→HED | 0.27*** | 0.000 | Supported | |
| ULT→HED | 0.28*** | 0.000 | Supported | |
| PER→HED | 0.08 n.s | 0.070 | Not supported | |
| SOC→HED | 0.27*** | 0.000 | Supported | |
| CON→ HED | 0.09* | 0.036 | Supported | |
| HED→IRR | −0.54*** | 0.000 | Supported | |
| IRR→INT | −0.09** | 0.010 | Supported | |
| HED→CRE | 0.56*** | 0.000 | Supported | |
| CRE→INT | 0.17*** | 0.000 | Supported | |
| HED→INT | 0.72*** | 0.000 | Supported | |
| HED→IRR→INT | −0.083*** | 0.013 | Competitive mediation | |
| HED→CRE→INT | 0.155*** | 0.002 | Complementary mediation | |
Note(s): *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001; n.s: not supported
Source(s): Table by the author
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