Direct relationship matrix from the experts’ input
| Direct relationship matrix | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Barriers | B1 | B2 | B3 | B4 | B5 | B6 | B7 | B8 | B9 | B10 | |
| High-level investment | B1 | 1 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Lack of skills and aptitude | B2 | 6 | 1 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Resistance to change | B3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| Lack of motivation | B4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 3 | 5 | 1 |
| Stakeholders’ awareness of I4.0 technologies | B5 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 1 |
| Lack of digital communication | B6 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 1 |
| Lack of regulatory framework | B7 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 |
| Lack of digital strategy | B8 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 5 | 2 |
| I4.0 training | B9 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Inadequate knowledge management and data knowledge | B10 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 5 | 2 | 1 | 1 |
| Direct relationship matrix | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Barriers | B1 | B2 | B3 | B4 | B5 | B6 | B7 | B8 | B9 | B10 | |
| High-level investment | B1 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
| Lack of skills and aptitude | B2 | 6 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
| Resistance to change | B3 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | |
| Lack of motivation | B4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 3 | 5 | 1 | |
| Stakeholders’ awareness of I4.0 technologies | B5 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 1 | |
| Lack of digital communication | B6 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 1 | |
| Lack of regulatory framework | B7 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | |
| Lack of digital strategy | B8 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 2 | |
| I4.0 training | B9 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 1 | |
| Inadequate knowledge management and data knowledge | B10 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 5 | 2 | 1 | |
Source(s): Authors’ own contributions
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