Negative tourism impacts
| Total sample | Live in the city centre | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yes | No | ||||
| N = 220 | N = 69 | N = 151 | |||
| (31.4%) | (68.6%) | T-test | |||
| Impacts | Mean | Mean | Mean | t-value | sig. |
| Economic | |||||
| Real estate speculation | 4.75 | 4.86 | 4.71 | −1.768 | 0.079 |
| Increase in standard and costs of living | 4.35 | 4.49 | 4.28 | −1.611 | 0.109 |
| Increase in precarious/seasonal work | 4.10 | 4.28 | 4.01 | −1.857 | 0.065 |
| Excessive tourism offer | 4.05 | 4.28 | 3.94 | −2.070 | 0.040 |
| Increase in product prices | 3.83 | 4.01 | 3.75 | −1.763 | 0.079 |
| Increase in service prices (e.g. public transportation, restaurants) | 3.96 | 4.25 | 3.83 | −2.692 | 0.008 |
| Increase in cultural and leisure activities prices | 3.26 | 3.41 | 3.20 | −1.319 | 0.189 |
| Increase of competition in labour market | 3.53 | 3.64 | 3.48 | −1.056 | 0.292 |
| Sociocultural | |||||
| Problems regarding access to housing | 4.26 | 4.46 | 4.17 | −1.786 | 0.076 |
| Decharacterization/loss of authenticity in local traditions and customs | 3.77 | 4.12 | 3.62 | −2.920 | 0.004 |
| Disturbance of residents’ everyday lives | 3.75 | 4.10 | 3.58 | −2.897 | 0.004 |
| Increase in insecurity and criminality | 2.71 | 3.04 | 2.56 | −2.819 | 0.005 |
| Spatial-environmental | |||||
| Congestion in urban mobility/overload of public spaces | 4.00 | 4.14 | 3.94 | −1.262 | 0.208 |
| Disappearance of traditional/historical commercial establishments | 3.80 | 4.22 | 3.60 | −3.293 | 0.001 |
| Environmental pressure (e.g. increase in waste production, pollution and noise) | 3.76 | 4.01 | 3.65 | −2.146 | 0.033 |
| Lack of parking places | 3.67 | 3.74 | 3.64 | −0.540 | 0.590 |
| Overload of public services | 3.35 | 3.59 | 3.25 | −1.982 | 0.049 |
| Reconfiguration of traditional neighbourhoods | 3.76 | 4.13 | 3.59 | −3.043 | 0.003 |
| Overload of spaces for leisure and commerce (e.g. cafés, stores and restaurants) | 3.65 | 3.90 | 3.54 | −2.129 | 0.034 |
| Total sample | Live in the city centre | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yes | No | ||||
| N = 220 | N = 69 | N = 151 | |||
| (31.4%) | (68.6%) | T-test | |||
| Impacts | Mean | Mean | Mean | t-value | sig. |
| Real estate speculation | 4.75 | 4.86 | 4.71 | −1.768 | 0.079 |
| Increase in standard and costs of living | 4.35 | 4.49 | 4.28 | −1.611 | 0.109 |
| Increase in precarious/seasonal work | 4.10 | 4.28 | 4.01 | −1.857 | 0.065 |
| Excessive tourism offer | 4.05 | 4.28 | 3.94 | −2.070 | |
| Increase in product prices | 3.83 | 4.01 | 3.75 | −1.763 | 0.079 |
| Increase in service prices (e.g. public transportation, restaurants) | 3.96 | 4.25 | 3.83 | −2.692 | |
| Increase in cultural and leisure activities prices | 3.26 | 3.41 | 3.20 | −1.319 | 0.189 |
| Increase of competition in labour market | 3.53 | 3.64 | 3.48 | −1.056 | 0.292 |
| Problems regarding access to housing | 4.26 | 4.46 | 4.17 | −1.786 | 0.076 |
| Decharacterization/loss of authenticity in local traditions and customs | 3.77 | 4.12 | 3.62 | −2.920 | |
| Disturbance of residents’ everyday lives | 3.75 | 4.10 | 3.58 | −2.897 | |
| Increase in insecurity and criminality | 2.71 | 3.04 | 2.56 | −2.819 | |
| Congestion in urban mobility/overload of public spaces | 4.00 | 4.14 | 3.94 | −1.262 | 0.208 |
| Disappearance of traditional/historical commercial establishments | 3.80 | 4.22 | 3.60 | −3.293 | |
| Environmental pressure (e.g. increase in waste production, pollution and noise) | 3.76 | 4.01 | 3.65 | −2.146 | |
| Lack of parking places | 3.67 | 3.74 | 3.64 | −0.540 | 0.590 |
| Overload of public services | 3.35 | 3.59 | 3.25 | −1.982 | |
| Reconfiguration of traditional neighbourhoods | 3.76 | 4.13 | 3.59 | −3.043 | |
| Overload of spaces for leisure and commerce (e.g. cafés, stores and restaurants) | 3.65 | 3.90 | 3.54 | −2.129 | |
Note:
Values in italic represent statistically significant differences