Table 4 Descriptive statistics,...

Table 4

Descriptive statistics, correlation matrix and discriminant validity

Constructs	Mean	SD	1	2	3	4	5
1. Hybrid strategy	13.83	5.28	1	0.23 [0.18, 0.29]	0.24 [0.16, 0.32]	0.68 [0.57, 0.79]	0.47 [0.39, 0.56]
2. Product innovation	1.99	1.37	0.20**	0.80	0.78 [0.,67, 0.89]	0.18 [0.12, 0.25]	0.21 [0.12, 0.31]
3. Process innovation	2.20	1.44	0.21**	0.69**	0.81	0.24 [0.18, 0.31]	0.27 [0.19, 0.35]
4. Firm performance	3.68	0.85	0.58**	0.17**	0.14*	0.77	0.71 [0.63, 0.80]
5. Adaptive capacity	3.77	0.86	0.47**	0.20**	0.24**	0.59**	1

Constructs	Mean	SD	1	2	3	4	5
1. Hybrid strategy	13.83	5.28	1	0.23 [0.18, 0.29]	0.24 [0.16, 0.32]	0.68 [0.57, 0.79]	0.47 [0.39, 0.56]
2. Product innovation	1.99	1.37	0.20**	0.80	0.78 [0.,67, 0.89]	0.18 [0.12, 0.25]	0.21 [0.12, 0.31]
3. Process innovation	2.20	1.44	0.21**	0.69**	0.81	0.24 [0.18, 0.31]	0.27 [0.19, 0.35]
4. Firm performance	3.68	0.85	0.58**	0.17**	0.14*	0.77	0.71 [0.63, 0.80]
5. Adaptive capacity	3.77	0.86	0.47**	0.20**	0.24**	0.59**	1

Note(s): *p < 0.05 **p < 0.01 or better (two-tailed test). SD = standard deviation. Underline values on the diagonal are the square roots of the AVE. Off-diagonal elements below the diagonal are correlations between the constructs. Off-diagonal elements in italics and above the diagonal are the HTMTs and their 95% confidence intervals (CI). As the HTMTs are below 0.85 and CIs do not include 1, there is discriminant validity (Hair et al., 2017)

Source(s): Authors’ own elaboration

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