Descriptive statistics, correlation matrix and discriminant validity
| Constructs | Mean | SD | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. Hybrid strategy | 13.83 | 5.28 | 1 | 0.23 [0.18, 0.29] | 0.24 [0.16, 0.32] | 0.68 [0.57, 0.79] | 0.47 [0.39, 0.56] |
| 2. Product innovation | 1.99 | 1.37 | 0.20** | 0.80 | 0.78 [0.,67, 0.89] | 0.18 [0.12, 0.25] | 0.21 [0.12, 0.31] |
| 3. Process innovation | 2.20 | 1.44 | 0.21** | 0.69** | 0.81 | 0.24 [0.18, 0.31] | 0.27 [0.19, 0.35] |
| 4. Firm performance | 3.68 | 0.85 | 0.58** | 0.17** | 0.14* | 0.77 | 0.71 [0.63, 0.80] |
| 5. Adaptive capacity | 3.77 | 0.86 | 0.47** | 0.20** | 0.24** | 0.59** | 1 |
| Constructs | Mean | SD | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. Hybrid strategy | 13.83 | 5.28 | |||||
| 2. Product innovation | 1.99 | 1.37 | 0.20** | ||||
| 3. Process innovation | 2.20 | 1.44 | 0.21** | 0.69** | |||
| 4. Firm performance | 3.68 | 0.85 | 0.58** | 0.17** | 0.14* | ||
| 5. Adaptive capacity | 3.77 | 0.86 | 0.47** | 0.20** | 0.24** | 0.59** |
Note(s): *p < 0.05 **p < 0.01 or better (two-tailed test). SD = standard deviation. Underline values on the diagonal are the square roots of the AVE. Off-diagonal elements below the diagonal are correlations between the constructs. Off-diagonal elements in italics and above the diagonal are the HTMTs and their 95% confidence intervals (CI). As the HTMTs are below 0.85 and CIs do not include 1, there is discriminant validity (Hair et al., 2017)
Source(s): Authors’ own elaboration
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