Table 4 Descriptive statistics of the... | Emerald Publishing

Table 4

Descriptive statistics of the full sample

	Mean	Median	sd	Min	1° quartile	3° quartile	Max
ROA	0.263	2.870	21.838	−107.61	−3.180	9.340	57.330
Women on board	0.104	0.000	0.171	0.000	0.000	0.182	0.800
Age board (log)	3.928	3.938	0.172	3.219	3.834	4.043	4.500
R&D expenses	0.028	0.000	0.094	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.910
Patent expenses	0.014	0.000	0.063	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.976
Licensing expenses	0.005	0.000	0.035	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.889
Tangibility	0.084	0.026	0.133	0.000	0.007	0.096	0.700
Cash Holding	0.178	0.111	0.190	0.000	0.029	0.272	0.841
Size	6.960	6.953	1.612	2.392	5.853	8.107	10.528
Long-term debt	0.246	0.180	0.259	0.000	0.000	0.430	1.000
Firm age (log)	2.087	2.079	0.786	0.000	1.609	2.639	4.394
Dummy Listing	0.032	0.000	0.175	0.000	0.000	0.000	1.000
Dummy Delisting	0.001	0.000	0.030	0.000	0.000	0.000	1.000
Dummy South	0.207	0.000	0.405	0.000	0.000	0.000	1.000

	Mean	Median	sd	Min	1° quartile	3° quartile	Max
ROA	0.263	2.870	21.838	−107.61	−3.180	9.340	57.330
Women on board	0.104	0.000	0.171	0.000	0.000	0.182	0.800
Age board (log)	3.928	3.938	0.172	3.219	3.834	4.043	4.500
R&D expenses	0.028	0.000	0.094	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.910
Patent expenses	0.014	0.000	0.063	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.976
Licensing expenses	0.005	0.000	0.035	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.889
Tangibility	0.084	0.026	0.133	0.000	0.007	0.096	0.700
Cash Holding	0.178	0.111	0.190	0.000	0.029	0.272	0.841
Size	6.960	6.953	1.612	2.392	5.853	8.107	10.528
Long-term debt	0.246	0.180	0.259	0.000	0.000	0.430	1.000
Firm age (log)	2.087	2.079	0.786	0.000	1.609	2.639	4.394
Dummy Listing	0.032	0.000	0.175	0.000	0.000	0.000	1.000
Dummy Delisting	0.001	0.000	0.030	0.000	0.000	0.000	1.000
Dummy South	0.207	0.000	0.405	0.000	0.000	0.000	1.000

Note(s): N.: 12,173

Source(s): Authors' own work