Table A1 Questionnaire and construct...

Table A1

Questionnaire and construct overview

Construct		Factor loading	Cronbach’s alpha	Source
Sensing (SENS)
Please indicate how much you agree with the following statement (1 – do not agree at all; 7 – agree completely):
SENS_1	We are able to identify market opportunities for new products and services	0.752	0.818	Kump et al. (2018), Plattfaut et al. (2015), Mikalef and Pateli (2016)
SENS_2	We often scan our environment to identify new business opportunities	0.780
SENS_3	We are able to detail/elaborate the most promising market opportunities in terms of content	0.867
SENS_4	We are able to prioritize market opportunities appropriately	0.818
Seizing (SEIZ)
Please indicate how much you agree with the following statement (1 – do not agree at all; 7 – agree completely):
SEIZ_1	We react to changes in our operating environment	0.790	0.844	Kump et al. (2018), Plattfaut et al. (2015), Jantunen et al. (2018)
SEIZ_2	We are able to develop new develop new business solutions	0.820
SEIZ_3	We actively develop new ways to do business	0.823
SEIZ_4	We are capable of developing alternative service concepts in response to identified market opportunities	0.867
Transforming (TRANS)
Please indicate how much you agree with the following statement (1 – do not agree at all; 7 – agree completely):
TRANS_2	Even in the event of unforeseen interruptions change projects in our company are implemented consistently in our company	0.763	0.808	Kump et al. (2018), Mikalef and Pateli (2016)
TRANS_3	In our company, change projects can be put into practice alongside the daily business	0.909
TRANS_4	We adapt processes and resources to changed business priorities	0.872
Market Orientation (MARKO)
Please indicate how much you agree with the following statement (1 – do not agree at all; 7 – agree completely):
MARKO_1	We constantly review our commitment and our orientation towards the needs of the customers	0.762	0.643	Leng et al. (2015)
MARKO _2	Our top managers regularly visit our current and potential customers	0.770
MARKO _4	We react quickly to competitive actions that threaten us	0.756
Technology Orientation (TECHO)
Please indicate how much you agree with the following statement (1 – do not agree at all; 7 – agree completely):
TECHO_1	In the development of new products we use sophisticated technologies	0.889	0.890	Zhou et al. (2005), Leng et al. (2015)
TECHO _2	Our new products are always state of the art	0.830
TECHO _3	Technological innovations based on research results are readily adopted in our organization. adopted	0.860
TECHO _4	Technological innovations are taken into account in our programme/project management readily accepted in our programme/project management	0.890
Innovation Performance (INNO_PERF)
Please indicate how much you agree with the following statement (1 – do not agree at all; 7 – agree completely):
INNO_PERF_1	Our development of new products generates a high return on investment	0.900	0.884	Wang et al. (2018)
INNO_PERF_2	Our new product development leads to high customer acceptance	0.915
INNO_PERF_3	We have experienced a high growth rate of our new products in the last three years	0.887
(Competitive) Company Performance (COMP_PERF)
“Compared to our main competitors. our (…) is …” (much worse = 1/equal = 4/much better = 7):
COMP_PERF1	… Sales success	0.948	0.917	Yau et al. (2007)
COMP_PERF2	… Sales volume	0.922
COMP_PERF3	… Achievement of financial goals	0.908
Organizational Ambidexterity (Multiplicative function of explorative and exploitative innovation orientation, Seepana et al., 2020; Gibson and Birkinshaw, 2004; Mom et al., 2007)
“What are reasons why you have carried out innovation projects in the last three years?” (1 – do not agree at all; 7 – agree completely):
Explorative Innovation
EXPLOR_1	Open up new markets	/	n/a	Feng et al. (2019), Jansen et al. (2006)
EXPLOR_2	Introduce new generation of products	/
EXPLOR_3	Enter new technology fields	/
Exploitative Innovation
EXPLOI_1	Improving existing product quality	/	n/a	Feng et al. (2019), Jansen et al. (2006)
EXPLOI_2	Attempting to enhance productivity	/
EXPLOI_3	Making great efforts to improve the efficiency of existing distribution channels	/

Construct		Factor loading	Cronbach’s alpha	Source
Sensing (SENS)
Please indicate how much you agree with the following statement (1 – do not agree at all; 7 – agree completely):
SENS_1	We are able to identify market opportunities for new products and services	0.752	0.818	Kump et al. (2018), Plattfaut et al. (2015), Mikalef and Pateli (2016)
SENS_2	We often scan our environment to identify new business opportunities	0.780
SENS_3	We are able to detail/elaborate the most promising market opportunities in terms of content	0.867
SENS_4	We are able to prioritize market opportunities appropriately	0.818
Seizing (SEIZ)
Please indicate how much you agree with the following statement (1 – do not agree at all; 7 – agree completely):
SEIZ_1	We react to changes in our operating environment	0.790	0.844	Kump et al. (2018), Plattfaut et al. (2015), Jantunen et al. (2018)
SEIZ_2	We are able to develop new develop new business solutions	0.820
SEIZ_3	We actively develop new ways to do business	0.823
SEIZ_4	We are capable of developing alternative service concepts in response to identified market opportunities	0.867
Transforming (TRANS)
Please indicate how much you agree with the following statement (1 – do not agree at all; 7 – agree completely):
TRANS_2	Even in the event of unforeseen interruptions change projects in our company are implemented consistently in our company	0.763	0.808	Kump et al. (2018), Mikalef and Pateli (2016)
TRANS_3	In our company, change projects can be put into practice alongside the daily business	0.909
TRANS_4	We adapt processes and resources to changed business priorities	0.872
Market Orientation (MARKO)
Please indicate how much you agree with the following statement (1 – do not agree at all; 7 – agree completely):
MARKO_1	We constantly review our commitment and our orientation towards the needs of the customers	0.762	0.643	Leng et al. (2015)
MARKO _2	Our top managers regularly visit our current and potential customers	0.770
MARKO _4	We react quickly to competitive actions that threaten us	0.756
Technology Orientation (TECHO)
Please indicate how much you agree with the following statement (1 – do not agree at all; 7 – agree completely):
TECHO_1	In the development of new products we use sophisticated technologies	0.889	0.890	Zhou et al. (2005), Leng et al. (2015)
TECHO _2	Our new products are always state of the art	0.830
TECHO _3	Technological innovations based on research results are readily adopted in our organization. adopted	0.860
TECHO _4	Technological innovations are taken into account in our programme/project management readily accepted in our programme/project management	0.890
Innovation Performance (INNO_PERF)
Please indicate how much you agree with the following statement (1 – do not agree at all; 7 – agree completely):
INNO_PERF_1	Our development of new products generates a high return on investment	0.900	0.884	Wang et al. (2018)
INNO_PERF_2	Our new product development leads to high customer acceptance	0.915
INNO_PERF_3	We have experienced a high growth rate of our new products in the last three years	0.887
(Competitive) Company Performance (COMP_PERF)
“Compared to our main competitors. our (…) is …” (much worse = 1/equal = 4/much better = 7):
COMP_PERF1	… Sales success	0.948	0.917	Yau et al. (2007)
COMP_PERF2	… Sales volume	0.922
COMP_PERF3	… Achievement of financial goals	0.908
Organizational Ambidexterity (Multiplicative function of explorative and exploitative innovation orientation, Seepana et al., 2020; Gibson and Birkinshaw, 2004; Mom et al., 2007)
“What are reasons why you have carried out innovation projects in the last three years?” (1 – do not agree at all; 7 – agree completely):
Explorative Innovation
EXPLOR_1	Open up new markets	/	n/a	Feng et al. (2019), Jansen et al. (2006)
EXPLOR_2	Introduce new generation of products	/
EXPLOR_3	Enter new technology fields	/
Exploitative Innovation
EXPLOI_1	Improving existing product quality	/	n/a	Feng et al. (2019), Jansen et al. (2006)
EXPLOI_2	Attempting to enhance productivity	/
EXPLOI_3	Making great efforts to improve the efficiency of existing distribution channels	/

Source(s): Authors own creation

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