The empirical results
| Dependent variable: per capita growth rate of GDP [grow] | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable [Notation] | Pooled OLS model | Fixed effect model | Panel IV model | System GMM model |
| Share of mineral rents of GDP[MINE] | 0.185*** (5.80) | 0.432*** (8.35) | 0.341*** (4.42) | 0.407* (2.72) |
| Population growth rate [POPR] | −2.660*** (−4.55) | −4.620*** (−6.58) | −4.575*** (−6.54) | −4.108* (−2.04) |
| Border proximity [BORD] | −0.221 (−0.98) | 0.841 (0.82) | 0.871 (0.85) | 0.608* (0.72) |
| Prevalence of civil war [CIVI] | −5.229*** (−4.86) | −5.994*** (−5.40) | −6.291*** (−5.61) | −5.844* (−2.36) |
| Population growth rate * Civil war [PGCW] | 1.757*** (5.69) | 2.365*** (7.56) | 2.344*** (7.52) | 2.340** (2.86) |
| Mineral rents * Civil war [MRWC] | −0.0187 (−0.91) | −0.0491* (−2.37) | −0.0348 (−1.55) | −0.0482* (−1.82) |
| Democratic institution quality [DEMO] | 0.0264 (1.34) | 0.0291 (1.48) | 0.0297 (1.52) | 0.0276 (1.01) |
| Lag one of dependent variable | 0.154*** (3.58) | 0.0812 (1.95) | 0.101* (2.35) | 0.0150 (0.13) |
| Constant | 6.431** (2.99) | 2.817 (0.58) | −78.37 (−0.59) | |
| N | 498 | 498 | 497 | 484 |
| Countries | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 |
| Fixed effect | Y | Y | Y | |
| Time dummy variable | Y | Y | Y | |
| Arellano bond 2 [] | 0.2048 | |||
| Dependent variable: per capita growth rate of GDP [grow] | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable [Notation] | Pooled OLS model | Fixed effect model | Panel IV model | System GMM model |
| Share of mineral rents of GDP[MINE] | 0.185*** (5.80) | 0.432*** (8.35) | 0.341*** (4.42) | 0.407* (2.72) |
| Population growth rate [POPR] | −2.660*** (−4.55) | −4.620*** (−6.58) | −4.575*** (−6.54) | −4.108* (−2.04) |
| Border proximity [BORD] | −0.221 (−0.98) | 0.841 (0.82) | 0.871 (0.85) | 0.608* (0.72) |
| Prevalence of civil war [CIVI] | −5.229*** (−4.86) | −5.994*** (−5.40) | −6.291*** (−5.61) | −5.844* (−2.36) |
| Population growth rate * Civil war [PGCW] | 1.757*** (5.69) | 2.365*** (7.56) | 2.344*** (7.52) | 2.340** (2.86) |
| Mineral rents * Civil war [MRWC] | −0.0187 (−0.91) | −0.0491* (−2.37) | −0.0348 (−1.55) | −0.0482* (−1.82) |
| Democratic institution quality [DEMO] | 0.0264 (1.34) | 0.0291 (1.48) | 0.0297 (1.52) | 0.0276 (1.01) |
| Lag one of dependent variable | 0.154*** (3.58) | 0.0812 (1.95) | 0.101* (2.35) | 0.0150 (0.13) |
| Constant | 6.431** (2.99) | 2.817 (0.58) | −78.37 (−0.59) | |
| N | 498 | 498 | 497 | 484 |
| Countries | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 |
| Fixed effect | Y | Y | Y | |
| Time dummy variable | Y | Y | Y | |
| Arellano bond 2 [ | 0.2048 | |||
Note(s): t statistics in parentheses * p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 and ***p < 0.001
Source(s): Author's computations
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