Table 4 Pairwise correlations Variables... | Emerald Publishing

Table 4

Pairwise correlations

Variables	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)	(6)	(7)	(8)	(9)	(10)	(11)	(12)	(13)	(14)
(1) Carbon emissions	1.000
(2) Financial constraints	0.078***	1.000
(3) Board gender diversity	0.023	0.021	1.000
(4) Policy emissions reduction	0.300***	−0.009	0.096***	1.000
(5) Eco-innovation score	0.135***	−0.004	−0.032	0.133***	1.000
(6) Environmental expenditure	0.094***	0.330***	−0.035	0.048*	0.019	1.000
(7) Executive gender diversity	−0.056**	0.156***	0.046*	−0.026	−0.054**	0.045*	1.000
(8) Human rights policy	0.002	0.242***	0.030	0.019	−0.008	0.322***	0.096***	1.000
(9) Board size	0.322***	0.012	0.100***	0.215***	0.148***	0.065***	−0.038	0.015	1.000
(10) Policy board diversity	0.009	−0.016	0.355***	0.162***	0.053**	−0.025	0.023	0.034	0.161***	1.000
(11) Independent board director	0.140***	−0.010	0.084***	0.048**	0.080***	−0.019	−0.015	0.002	0.200***	0.244***	1.000
(12) Leverage	0.027	0.057**	−0.062**	−0.009	0.004	0.150***	−0.170***	0.152***	0.048*	−0.020	−0.003	1.000
(13) Board-specific skills	−0.166***	−0.072***	−0.037	−0.108***	−0.044*	−0.103***	0.011	−0.086***	−0.194***	0.012	−0.089***	−0.007	1.000
(14) Return on asset	0.059**	−0.185***	−0.070***	0.027	−0.035	0.164***	−0.097***	0.220***	0.015	−0.032	0.000	0.215***	−0.039	1.000

Variables	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)	(6)	(7)	(8)	(9)	(10)	(11)	(12)	(13)	(14)
(1) Carbon emissions	1.000
(2) Financial constraints	0.078***	1.000
(3) Board gender diversity	0.023	0.021	1.000
(4) Policy emissions reduction	0.300***	−0.009	0.096***	1.000
(5) Eco-innovation score	0.135***	−0.004	−0.032	0.133***	1.000
(6) Environmental expenditure	0.094***	0.330***	−0.035	0.048*	0.019	1.000
(7) Executive gender diversity	−0.056**	0.156***	0.046*	−0.026	−0.054**	0.045*	1.000
(8) Human rights policy	0.002	0.242***	0.030	0.019	−0.008	0.322***	0.096***	1.000
(9) Board size	0.322***	0.012	0.100***	0.215***	0.148***	0.065***	−0.038	0.015	1.000
(10) Policy board diversity	0.009	−0.016	0.355***	0.162***	0.053**	−0.025	0.023	0.034	0.161***	1.000
(11) Independent board director	0.140***	−0.010	0.084***	0.048**	0.080***	−0.019	−0.015	0.002	0.200***	0.244***	1.000
(12) Leverage	0.027	0.057**	−0.062**	−0.009	0.004	0.150***	−0.170***	0.152***	0.048*	−0.020	−0.003	1.000
(13) Board-specific skills	−0.166***	−0.072***	−0.037	−0.108***	−0.044*	−0.103***	0.011	−0.086***	−0.194***	0.012	−0.089***	−0.007	1.000
(14) Return on asset	0.059**	−0.185***	−0.070***	0.027	−0.035	0.164***	−0.097***	0.220***	0.015	−0.032	0.000	0.215***	−0.039	1.000

Notes:

***, ** and * represent the significance level at 99, 95 and 90%, respectively

Source: Authors’ own creation