Definition of variables
| Carbon emissions | Natural logarithm of carbon emissions |
|---|---|
| Financial constraints | Financial constraints are measured by the SA index |
| Board gender diversity | Percentage of board members who are women |
| Policy emission reduction | Dummy variable, which is coded as 1 if the company has the policy to improve emissions reduction and 0, otherwise |
| Eco innovation score | Dummy variable, which is coded as 1 if the company has an Eco Innovation Score and 0, otherwise |
| Environmental expenditure investment | If the company reports on its environmental expenditure investment to minimize future risk or increase opportunities and 0 otherwise |
| Executive gender diversity | Percentage of female executive |
| Human rights policy | Dummy variable, which is coded as 1 if the company has the policy to ensure the respect of human rights and 0, otherwise |
| Board size | Number of directors on the board |
| Independent board director | Percentage of independent director |
| Leverage | Total debt to total assets |
| Board-specific skills | Percentage of the board member who has either an industry-specific background or a solid financial background |
| Policy board diversity | If a company have a policy on the induction of female on board |
| Return on asset | Profit to total assets |
| Carbon emissions | Natural logarithm of carbon emissions |
|---|---|
| Financial constraints | Financial constraints are measured by the SA index |
| Board gender diversity | Percentage of board members who are women |
| Policy emission reduction | Dummy variable, which is coded as 1 if the company has the policy to improve emissions reduction and 0, otherwise |
| Eco innovation score | Dummy variable, which is coded as 1 if the company has an Eco Innovation Score and 0, otherwise |
| Environmental expenditure investment | If the company reports on its environmental expenditure investment to minimize future risk or increase opportunities and 0 otherwise |
| Executive gender diversity | Percentage of female executive |
| Human rights policy | Dummy variable, which is coded as 1 if the company has the policy to ensure the respect of human rights and 0, otherwise |
| Board size | Number of directors on the board |
| Independent board director | Percentage of independent director |
| Leverage | Total debt to total assets |
| Board-specific skills | Percentage of the board member who has either an industry-specific background or a solid financial background |
| Policy board diversity | If a company have a policy on the induction of female on board |
| Return on asset | Profit to total assets |