Table A3 Wage equation estimation (wage...

Table A3

Wage equation estimation (wage in logarithms)

Endogenous variable: Annual labour income (in logs)		Men & Women			Men			Women
		832,985 EE obs. R² adj. 91.1% SE adjusted for 640,214 clusters of workers			445,902 EE obs. R² adj. 91.2% SE adjusted for 337,629 clusters of workers			387,083 EE obs. R² adj. 91% SE adjusted for 302,585 clusters of workers
		Coefficient	Robust SE	t	Coefficient	Robust SE	t	Coefficient	Robust SE	t
	Gender	0.116***	0.001	83.3
	Days working in the company (logs)	0.907***	0.001	1,081.3	0.917***	0.001	819.1	0.897***	0.001	707.6
	Age (years) (logs)	0.201***	0.002	82.2	0.215***	0.003	61.8	0.192***	0.003	55.9
	Association factor (logs)	0.047***	0.001	31.5	0.049***	0.003	14.6	0.086***	0.003	25.0
Educational level (reference: Master or PhD)	Architect or technical engineer	0.042***	0.006	7.6	0.053***	0.007	7.6	0.027**	0.011	2.6
	Non-university higher studies	0.017	0.012	1.4	0.042**	0.018	2.4	−0.0003	0.016	−0.02
	Bachelor's degree or university degree	−0.006**	0.003	−2.0	0.006	0.005	1.2	−0.015***	0.004	−3.7
	University diploma	−0.035***	0.004	−8.1	−0.001	0.008	−0.1	−0.047***	0.005	−9.5
	Higher vocational training	−0.066***	0.004	−17.6	−0.026***	0.006	−4.6	−0.104***	0.005	−21.1
	Other medium degrees	−0.072***	0.008	−9.4	−0.032**	0.012	−2.6	−0.098***	0.010	−10.1
	High school or more	−0.078***	0.003	−22.6	−0.053***	0.005	−9.9	−0.096***	0.004	−21.3
	Medium vocational training	−0.089***	0.004	−23.5	−0.050***	0.006	−8.7	−0.123***	0.005	−24.4
	Basic studies	−0.135***	0.004	−38.3	−0.099***	0.005	−18.5	−0.164***	0.005	−35.3
	School graduate	−0.146***	0.004	−35.1	−0.112***	0.006	−18.6	−0.173***	0.006	−29.6
	No studies	−0.168***	0.004	−44.5	−0.134***	0.006	−23.8	−0.189***	0.005	−36.6
	Not reported	−0.205***	0.007	−30.3	−0.180***	0.009	−20.1	−0.191***	0.011	−18.1
Occupation group (reference: Engineers, graduates and senior management)	Administrative and workshop managers	−0.170***	0.004	−39.7	−0.182***	0.006	−31.4	−0.153***	0.006	−23.6
	Technical engineers, graduate assistants	−0.205***	0.003	−73.8	−0.200***	0.004	−44.9	−0.218***	0.004	−60.1
	Administrative officers	−0.447***	0.003	−143.6	−0.437***	0.005	−90.1	−0.448***	0.004	−111.1
	Non-graduate assistants	−0.452***	0.004	−112.2	−0.433***	0.006	−77.5	−0.474***	0.006	−80.8
	1st and 2nd officers	−0.582***	0.003	−183.3	−0.595***	0.005	−130.2	−0.563***	0.005	−107.2
	Subordinates	−0.639***	0.004	−176.4	−0.653***	0.005	−121.1	−0.632***	0.005	−128.5
	3rd officers and specialists	−0.649***	0.003	−196.9	−0.647***	0.005	−136.7	−0.649***	0.005	−137.2
	Administrative assistants	−0.653***	0.003	−211.9	−0.655***	0.005	−128.1	−0.651***	0.004	−163.7
	Over 18 years unqualified or under 18 years	−0.742***	0.003	−228.1	−0.750***	0.005	−157.1	−0.720***	0.004	−160.7
Activity sector (reference: Public administration)	Financial and business services	0.302***	0.005	58.0	0.251***	0.008	32.0	0.347***	0.007	49.1
	Supplies	0.285***	0.006	47.8	0.239***	0.008	29.9	0.329***	0.011	28.9
	Extractive and manufacturing industries	0.237***	0.004	62.2	0.205***	0.006	33.7	0.248***	0.006	44.2
	Construction	0.228***	0.004	61.0	0.201***	0.006	33.1	0.305***	0.007	43.4
	Other services	0.087***	0.004	23.1	0.069***	0.006	11.2	0.094***	0.005	19.6
	Trade, hotels & restaurants, transport & communic.	0.060***	0.004	16.6	0.040***	0.006	6.8	0.068***	0.005	14.6
	Health	−0.024***	0.004	−6.4	−0.002	0.007	−0.3	−0.027***	0.005	−5.9
	Education	−0.081***	0.003	−24.1	−0.081***	0.006	−13.5	−0.085***	0.004	−20.8
	Agriculture	−0.158***	0.005	−31.7	−0.187***	0.007	−25.9	−0.106***	0.008	−13.9
Public sector workers		0.691***	0.008	89.1	0.783***	0.011	70.9	0.6***	0.011	55.3
Constant		3.981***	0.012	343.1	3.961***	0.017	237.9	4.133***	0.016	255.4

Endogenous variable: Annual labour income (in logs)		Men & Women			Men			Women
		832,985 EE obs.R² adj. 91.1%SE adjusted for 640,214 clusters of workers			445,902 EE obs.R² adj. 91.2%SE adjusted for 337,629 clusters of workers			387,083 EE obs.R² adj. 91%SE adjusted for 302,585 clusters of workers
		Coefficient	Robust SE	t	Coefficient	Robust SE	t	Coefficient	Robust SE	t
	Gender	0.116***	0.001	83.3
	Days working in the company (logs)	0.907***	0.001	1,081.3	0.917***	0.001	819.1	0.897***	0.001	707.6
	Age (years) (logs)	0.201***	0.002	82.2	0.215***	0.003	61.8	0.192***	0.003	55.9
	Association factor (logs)	0.047***	0.001	31.5	0.049***	0.003	14.6	0.086***	0.003	25.0
Educational level (reference: Master or PhD)	Architect or technical engineer	0.042***	0.006	7.6	0.053***	0.007	7.6	0.027**	0.011	2.6
	Non-university higher studies	0.017	0.012	1.4	0.042**	0.018	2.4	−0.0003	0.016	−0.02
	Bachelor's degree or university degree	−0.006**	0.003	−2.0	0.006	0.005	1.2	−0.015***	0.004	−3.7
	University diploma	−0.035***	0.004	−8.1	−0.001	0.008	−0.1	−0.047***	0.005	−9.5
	Higher vocational training	−0.066***	0.004	−17.6	−0.026***	0.006	−4.6	−0.104***	0.005	−21.1
	Other medium degrees	−0.072***	0.008	−9.4	−0.032**	0.012	−2.6	−0.098***	0.010	−10.1
	High school or more	−0.078***	0.003	−22.6	−0.053***	0.005	−9.9	−0.096***	0.004	−21.3
	Medium vocational training	−0.089***	0.004	−23.5	−0.050***	0.006	−8.7	−0.123***	0.005	−24.4
	Basic studies	−0.135***	0.004	−38.3	−0.099***	0.005	−18.5	−0.164***	0.005	−35.3
	School graduate	−0.146***	0.004	−35.1	−0.112***	0.006	−18.6	−0.173***	0.006	−29.6
	No studies	−0.168***	0.004	−44.5	−0.134***	0.006	−23.8	−0.189***	0.005	−36.6
	Not reported	−0.205***	0.007	−30.3	−0.180***	0.009	−20.1	−0.191***	0.011	−18.1
Occupation group (reference: Engineers, graduates and senior management)	Administrative and workshop managers	−0.170***	0.004	−39.7	−0.182***	0.006	−31.4	−0.153***	0.006	−23.6
	Technical engineers, graduate assistants	−0.205***	0.003	−73.8	−0.200***	0.004	−44.9	−0.218***	0.004	−60.1
	Administrative officers	−0.447***	0.003	−143.6	−0.437***	0.005	−90.1	−0.448***	0.004	−111.1
	Non-graduate assistants	−0.452***	0.004	−112.2	−0.433***	0.006	−77.5	−0.474***	0.006	−80.8
	1st and 2nd officers	−0.582***	0.003	−183.3	−0.595***	0.005	−130.2	−0.563***	0.005	−107.2
	Subordinates	−0.639***	0.004	−176.4	−0.653***	0.005	−121.1	−0.632***	0.005	−128.5
	3rd officers and specialists	−0.649***	0.003	−196.9	−0.647***	0.005	−136.7	−0.649***	0.005	−137.2
	Administrative assistants	−0.653***	0.003	−211.9	−0.655***	0.005	−128.1	−0.651***	0.004	−163.7
	Over 18 years unqualified or under 18 years	−0.742***	0.003	−228.1	−0.750***	0.005	−157.1	−0.720***	0.004	−160.7
Activity sector (reference: Public administration)	Financial and business services	0.302***	0.005	58.0	0.251***	0.008	32.0	0.347***	0.007	49.1
	Supplies	0.285***	0.006	47.8	0.239***	0.008	29.9	0.329***	0.011	28.9
	Extractive and manufacturing industries	0.237***	0.004	62.2	0.205***	0.006	33.7	0.248***	0.006	44.2
	Construction	0.228***	0.004	61.0	0.201***	0.006	33.1	0.305***	0.007	43.4
	Other services	0.087***	0.004	23.1	0.069***	0.006	11.2	0.094***	0.005	19.6
	Trade, hotels & restaurants, transport & communic.	0.060***	0.004	16.6	0.040***	0.006	6.8	0.068***	0.005	14.6
	Health	−0.024***	0.004	−6.4	−0.002	0.007	−0.3	−0.027***	0.005	−5.9
	Education	−0.081***	0.003	−24.1	−0.081***	0.006	−13.5	−0.085***	0.004	−20.8
	Agriculture	−0.158***	0.005	−31.7	−0.187***	0.007	−25.9	−0.106***	0.008	−13.9
Public sector workers		0.691***	0.008	89.1	0.783***	0.011	70.9	0.6***	0.011	55.3
Constant		3.981***	0.012	343.1	3.961***	0.017	237.9	4.133***	0.016	255.4

Note(s): *p < 0.1; **p < 0.05; ***p < 0.01. Additional control variables: Worker attributes (Nationality, Social benefits received in 2021, Income received in 2021 from professional activities, Number of labour contracts with the company during 2021, Duration since the first contract with the company (years), Collective agreement); Job placement attributes (Province, Type of contract, Percentage of the income from work that is in kind); Firm attributes (Legal person vs. natural person, Number of workers (logs)). The complete table is offered as supplementary material (available online)

Source(s): Authors' own work based on MCVL

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