Table II. Indicative articles that... | Emerald Publishing

Table II.

Indicative articles that reported a quantitative scale development for positive engagement

Article	Focus	Construct	Dimensions of positive engagement and number of items
Article	Focus	Construct	Cognitive	Affective	Behavioural
Algesheimer et al., 2005	Community	Community engagement	-	-	Community engagement (4 items)
Sprott et al., 2009	Brand	Brand engagement	-	Brand engagement in self-concept (8 items)	-
Jahn and Kunz, 2012	Fanpage	Customer engagement	-	-	Fanpage engagement (5 items)
Hollebeek et al., 2014	Brand	Consumer brand engagement	Cognitive processing: a consumer's level of brand-related thought processing and elaboration in a particular consumer/brand interaction. (3 items)	Affection: a consumer's degree of positive brand-related affect in a particular consumer/brand interaction. (4 items)	Activation: a consumer's level of energy, effort and time spent on a brand in a particular consumer/brand interaction. (3 items)
Vivek et al., 2014	Brand	Customer engagement	Conscious attention: the degree of interest the person has or wishes to have in interacting with the focus of their engagement. (3 items)	Enthused participation: the zealous reactions and feelings of a person related to using or interacting with the focus of their engagement. (4 items)	Social connection: enhancement of the interaction based on the inclusion of others with the focus of engagement. (3 items)
Dijkmans et al., 2015	Social media activities	Online engagement	Familiarity with social media activities (1 item)	-	Online following of these activities (1 item)
Dessart et al., 2016	Brand, brand community	Consumer engagement	Set of enduring and active mental states that a consumer experiences. Attention (2 items); Absorption (4 items)	Summative and enduring level of emotions experienced by a consumer. Enthusiasm (3 items); Enjoyment (3 items)	Behavioural manifestations towards an engagement partner. Sharing (3 items); Learning (3 items); Endorsing (4 items)
Schivinski et al., 2016	Brand-related social-media content	Consumer engagement	-	-	Consumption, Contribution, Creation (17 items)
Kumar and Pansari, 2016	Customer, firm	Customer engagement	-	-	Customer purchase, Referral, Influencer, Knowledge behaviour (16 items)
Mirbagheri and Najmi, 2019	Social media activation campaigns	Consumer engagement	Attention: the extent to which a consumer concentrates on, is attentive to, thinks about, and is absorbed or engrossed in a social media activation campaign. (4 items)	Interest and enjoyment: the extent to which consumers become interested in, or excited about a social media activation campaign, as well as the extent to which they derive pleasure and joy from their experiences with it. (4 items)	Participation: consumers' willingness to spend effort and time during the campaign on activities (4 items)
Lourenço et al., 2022	Brand	Brand engagement	Cognitive (3 items)	Emotion (3 items)	Behaviour (3 items)

Article	Focus	Construct	Dimensions of positive engagement and number of items
Article	Focus	Construct	Cognitive	Affective	Behavioural
Algesheimer et al., 2005	Community	Community engagement	-	-	Community engagement (4 items)
Sprott et al., 2009	Brand	Brand engagement	-	Brand engagement in self-concept (8 items)	-
Jahn and Kunz, 2012	Fanpage	Customer engagement	-	-	Fanpage engagement (5 items)
Hollebeek et al., 2014	Brand	Consumer brand engagement	Cognitive processing: a consumer's level of brand-related thought processing and elaboration in a particular consumer/brand interaction. (3 items)	Affection: a consumer's degree of positive brand-related affect in a particular consumer/brand interaction. (4 items)	Activation: a consumer's level of energy, effort and time spent on a brand in a particular consumer/brand interaction. (3 items)
Vivek et al., 2014	Brand	Customer engagement	Conscious attention: the degree of interest the person has or wishes to have in interacting with the focus of their engagement. (3 items)	Enthused participation: the zealous reactions and feelings of a person related to using or interacting with the focus of their engagement. (4 items)	Social connection: enhancement of the interaction based on the inclusion of others with the focus of engagement. (3 items)
Dijkmans et al., 2015	Social media activities	Online engagement	Familiarity with social media activities (1 item)	-	Online following of these activities (1 item)
Dessart et al., 2016	Brand, brand community	Consumer engagement	Set of enduring and active mental states that a consumer experiences. Attention (2 items); Absorption (4 items)	Summative and enduring level of emotions experienced by a consumer. Enthusiasm (3 items); Enjoyment (3 items)	Behavioural manifestations towards an engagement partner. Sharing (3 items); Learning (3 items); Endorsing (4 items)
Schivinski et al., 2016	Brand-related social-media content	Consumer engagement	-	-	Consumption, Contribution, Creation (17 items)
Kumar and Pansari, 2016	Customer, firm	Customer engagement	-	-	Customer purchase, Referral, Influencer, Knowledge behaviour (16 items)
Mirbagheri and Najmi, 2019	Social media activation campaigns	Consumer engagement	Attention: the extent to which a consumer concentrates on, is attentive to, thinks about, and is absorbed or engrossed in a social media activation campaign. (4 items)	Interest and enjoyment: the extent to which consumers become interested in, or excited about a social media activation campaign, as well as the extent to which they derive pleasure and joy from their experiences with it. (4 items)	Participation: consumers' willingness to spend effort and time during the campaign on activities (4 items)
Lourenço et al., 2022	Brand	Brand engagement	Cognitive (3 items)	Emotion (3 items)	Behaviour (3 items)

Source: Authors' own work