Biprobit estimates of product and process innovators: marginal effects
| (1) | (2) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variables | Process (1,0) | Product (0,1) | Both (1,1) | Process (1,0) | Product (0,1) | Both (1,1) |
| Processit−2 | 0.0936*** (0.0042) | 0.0003* (0.0002) | 0.0069*** (0.0009) | 0.0935*** (0.0042) | 0.0003* (0.0002) | 0.0069*** (0.0008) |
| Productit−2 | 0.0313*** (0.0093) | 0.0057*** (0.0010) | 0.0092*** (0.0013) | 0.0313*** (0.0092) | 0.0057*** (0.0010) | 0.0091*** (0.013) |
| TFPit−2 | – | – | – | 0.0106** (0.0052) | 0.0007** (0.0004) | 0.0016*** (0.0006) |
| Sizeit−2 | −0.0318*** (0.0053) | 0.0010*** (0.0002) | −0.0010*** (0.0002) | −0.0315*** (0.0053) | 0.0010*** (0.0002) | −0.0010*** (0.0002) |
| Xit−2 | 0.0081** (0.0046) | 0.0016*** (0.0008) | 0.0025*** (0.0009) | 0.0075* (0.0046) | 0.0016*** (0.0008) | 0.0025*** (0.0009) |
| Mit−2 | 0.0048*** (0.0009) | 0.0042*** (0.0008) | 0.0048*** (0.0009) | 0.0047*** (0.0009) | 0.0042*** (0.0008) | 0.0047*** (0.0047) |
| R&D int.it−2 | −0.0061 (0.0052) | −0.0001 (0.0008) | −0.0005 (0.0010) | −0.0061 (0.0052) | −0.0001 (0.0008) | −0.0005 (0.0010) |
| 0.0390*** (0.0039) | – | 0.0012*** (0.0001) | 0.0388*** (0.0039) | – | 0.0012*** (0.0001) | |
| – | 0.0049*** (0.0008) | 0.0056*** (0.0008) | – | 0.0049*** (0.0008) | 0.0056*** (0.0008) | |
| 0.0746*** (0.0057) | 0.0012* (0.0009) | 0.0067*** (0.0011) | 0.0738*** (0.0057) | 0.0012* (0.0009) | 0.0066*** (0.0011) | |
| 0.0520*** (0.0091) | 0.0022** (0.0013) | 0.0063*** (0.0016) | 0.0516*** (0.0091) | 0.0024** (0.0012) | 0.0065*** (0.0015) | |
| Year/sector | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES |
| Observations | 30,119 | 30,119 | ||||
| Log-L | −11934.859 | −11929.676 | ||||
| Ρ | 0.415*** (0.025) | 0.416*** (0.024) | ||||
| Wald test ρ = 0χ2 | 207.537 | 206.952 | ||||
| p-value | 0.000 | 0.000 | ||||
| (1) | (2) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variables | Process (1,0) | Product (0,1) | Both (1,1) | Process (1,0) | Product (0,1) | Both (1,1) |
| 0.0936 | 0.0003* (0.0002) | 0.0069 | 0.0935 | 0.0003* (0.0002) | 0.0069 | |
| 0.0313 | 0.0057 | 0.0092 | 0.0313 | 0.0057 | 0.0091 | |
| – | – | – | 0.0106** (0.0052) | 0.0007** (0.0004) | 0.0016 | |
| −0.0318 | 0.0010 | −0.0010 | −0.0315 | 0.0010 | −0.0010 | |
| 0.0081** (0.0046) | 0.0016 | 0.0025 | 0.0075* (0.0046) | 0.0016 | 0.0025 | |
| 0.0048 | 0.0042 | 0.0048 | 0.0047 | 0.0042 | 0.0047 | |
| R&D int.it−2 | −0.0061 (0.0052) | −0.0001 (0.0008) | −0.0005 (0.0010) | −0.0061 (0.0052) | −0.0001 (0.0008) | −0.0005 (0.0010) |
| 0.0390 | – | 0.0012 | 0.0388 | – | 0.0012 | |
| – | 0.0049 | 0.0056 | – | 0.0049 | 0.0056 | |
| 0.0746 | 0.0012* (0.0009) | 0.0067 | 0.0738 | 0.0012* (0.0009) | 0.0066 | |
| 0.0520 | 0.0022** (0.0013) | 0.0063 | 0.0516 | 0.0024** (0.0012) | 0.0065 | |
| Year/sector | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES |
| Observations | 30,119 | 30,119 | ||||
| −11934.859 | −11929.676 | |||||
| 0.415 | 0.416 | |||||
| Wald test | ||||||
| 0.000 | 0.000 | |||||
Notes:
We follow Wooldridge (2005) to deal with the bias arising from the initial conditions problem and the correlation between the unobserved heterogeneity term and the explanatory variables.
***, ** and *indicate significance at the 1, 5 and 10%, respectively
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