Summary of literature on geographical research on social enterprises
| Geographical analytical level | Relevant findings | Examples of articles |
|---|---|---|
| Micro | Social enterprises and spaces of well-being | Munoz et al. (2015); Farmer et al. (2020) |
| Local | ||
| Urban | Agglomeration in cities enables greater demand and better access to institutional support, funding, knowledge and networks for social enterprises Characteristics of place influence in incentives and opportunities for social enterprises | Pinch and Sunley (2016); Mazzei (2017) |
| Rural | Social enterprises as embedded intermediaries between their localities and supra-regional networks Social enterprises harness and (re)valorise untapped local resources and complement these with extra-local resources for integrated development of localities Rural areas are a fertile ground for social enterprises due to some characteristics associated to rurality | Richter (2019); Steiner and Steinerowska-Streb (2012); Steiner and Teasdale (2019); Olmedo et al. (2023) |
| Urban–rural | Rural social enterprises more attached to geographical needs and community networks; urban social enterprises more focus on social needs and welfare objectives | Smith and McColl (2016); Barraket et al. (2019) |
| Regional | Low interregional variations (UK) in distribution of social enterprises, except for capital Emergence of social enterprises related to regions experiencing government or market failure | Buckingham et al. (2011); Woo and Jung (2023) |
| National | Geographical location of Fiji influence in shaping social enterprises | Douglas et al. (2018) |
| Geographical analytical level | Relevant findings | Examples of articles |
|---|---|---|
| Micro | Social enterprises and spaces of well-being | |
| Urban | Agglomeration in cities enables greater demand and better access to institutional support, funding, knowledge and networks for social enterprises | |
| Rural | Social enterprises as embedded intermediaries between their localities and supra-regional networks | |
| Urban–rural | Rural social enterprises more attached to geographical needs and community networks; urban social enterprises more focus on social needs and welfare objectives | |
| Regional | Low interregional variations (UK) in distribution of social enterprises, except for capital | |
| National | Geographical location of Fiji influence in shaping social enterprises | |
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