Variables, definitions and sources
| Variables | Sign | Definition | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Carbon emissions | CO2 | Carbon emissions per capita metric tons | WDI |
| Foreign direct investment | FDI | Foreign investment net inflows (% of GDP) | |
| GDP per capita (growth) | GPP | GDP per capita (annual growth) | |
| Domestic private credit | DPC | Private credit by banks (% of GDP) | |
| Exports (growth) | EXP | Indicator of trade openness (% annual) | |
| Urban population | POP | Urban population (% of total population) | |
| Government effectiveness | GOE | Indicator of government (estimate value) | WGI |
| Variables | Sign | Definition | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Carbon emissions | CO2 | Carbon emissions per capita metric tons | WDI |
| Foreign direct investment | FDI | Foreign investment net inflows (% of GDP) | |
| GDP per capita (growth) | GPP | GDP per capita (annual growth) | |
| Domestic private credit | DPC | Private credit by banks (% of GDP) | |
| Exports (growth) | EXP | Indicator of trade openness (% annual) | |
| Urban population | POP | Urban population (% of total population) | |
| Government effectiveness | GOE | Indicator of government (estimate value) | WGI |
Source(s): Authors