Institutional quality, ICT penetration and political gender inclusion
| Variables | (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dependent variable: women in parliament | ||||||
| Rule of law | 1.675 | |||||
| (1.951) | ||||||
| ICT | 0.414*** | 0.406*** | 0.410*** | 0.426*** | 0.394*** | 0.431*** |
| (0.0593) | (0.0583) | (0.0643) | (0.0647) | (0.0570) | (0.0660) | |
| Financial development | 0.00761 | 0.00741 | 0.0164 | 0.0152 | −0.00901 | 0.0118 |
| (0.0300) | (0.0286) | (0.0282) | (0.0284) | (0.0301) | (0.0284) | |
| FDI | −0.0512*** | −0.0524*** | −0.0527*** | −0.0534*** | −0.0496*** | −0.0500*** |
| (0.0165) | (0.0165) | (0.0175) | (0.0175) | (0.0154) | (0.0171) | |
| GDP per capita (log) | −1.951 | −2.183 | −1.787 | −1.777 | −3.150* | −1.664 |
| (1.595) | (1.535) | (1.095) | (1.280) | (1.636) | (1.149) | |
| Regulatory quality | 2.321 | |||||
| (1.646) | ||||||
| Voice and accountability | 1.631** | |||||
| (0.797) | ||||||
| Political stability | 1.359 | |||||
| (1.120) | ||||||
| Government effectiveness | 4.442** | |||||
| (1.962) | ||||||
| Corruption control | 0.778* | |||||
| (0.466) | ||||||
| Constant | 32.03** | 33.93*** | 30.14*** | 30.19*** | 43.11*** | 29.20*** |
| (13.83) | (12.92) | (8.909) | (10.59) | (14.14) | (9.319) | |
| Observations | 2,085 | 2,085 | 2,085 | 2,085 | 2,085 | 2,085 |
| R-squared | 0.160 | 0.165 | 0.166 | 0.162 | 0.188 | 0.166 |
| Fisher | 19.58*** | 17.66*** | 18.13*** | 18.05*** | 19.04*** | 18.79*** |
| Variables | (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dependent variable: women in parliament | ||||||
| Rule of law | 1.675 | |||||
| (1.951) | ||||||
| ICT | 0.414*** | 0.406*** | 0.410*** | 0.426*** | 0.394*** | 0.431*** |
| (0.0593) | (0.0583) | (0.0643) | (0.0647) | (0.0570) | (0.0660) | |
| Financial development | 0.00761 | 0.00741 | 0.0164 | 0.0152 | −0.00901 | 0.0118 |
| (0.0300) | (0.0286) | (0.0282) | (0.0284) | (0.0301) | (0.0284) | |
| FDI | −0.0512*** | −0.0524*** | −0.0527*** | −0.0534*** | −0.0496*** | −0.0500*** |
| (0.0165) | (0.0165) | (0.0175) | (0.0175) | (0.0154) | (0.0171) | |
| GDP per capita (log) | −1.951 | −2.183 | −1.787 | −1.777 | −3.150* | −1.664 |
| (1.595) | (1.535) | (1.095) | (1.280) | (1.636) | (1.149) | |
| Regulatory quality | 2.321 | |||||
| (1.646) | ||||||
| Voice and accountability | 1.631** | |||||
| (0.797) | ||||||
| Political stability | 1.359 | |||||
| (1.120) | ||||||
| Government effectiveness | 4.442** | |||||
| (1.962) | ||||||
| Corruption control | 0.778* | |||||
| (0.466) | ||||||
| Constant | 32.03** | 33.93*** | 30.14*** | 30.19*** | 43.11*** | 29.20*** |
| (13.83) | (12.92) | (8.909) | (10.59) | (14.14) | (9.319) | |
| Observations | 2,085 | 2,085 | 2,085 | 2,085 | 2,085 | 2,085 |
| 0.160 | 0.165 | 0.166 | 0.162 | 0.188 | 0.166 | |
| Fisher | 19.58*** | 17.66*** | 18.13*** | 18.05*** | 19.04*** | 18.79*** |
Note(s): ICT, Information and communication technology; FDI, foreign direct investment; GDI, Gross domestic product; Standard errors in parentheses; ***p < 0.01, **p < 0.05, *p < 0.1
Source(s): Computed by authors