Institutions, ICT and socioeconomic gender inclusion taking into consideration the level of development and income groups
| Variables | (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Developed economies | Developing economies | Low-income | Lower-middle-income | Upper-middle-income | High-income | |
| Dependent variable: women business and law index | ||||||
| Institutions | 10.52*** | 3.696 | 14.71*** | 9.339* | 8.413*** | 12.33* |
| (2.543) | (2.258) | (3.948) | (5.275) | (3.011) | (6.150) | |
| ICT | 0.844*** | 0.402*** | 6.196 | 1.023** | 0.945*** | 0.750*** |
| (0.286) | (0.0503) | (4.111) | (0.448) | (0.332) | (0.115) | |
| Financial development | −0.00564 | 0.00211 | 0.433** | 0.00473 | −0.0687 | 0.0498* |
| (0.0516) | (0.0243) | (0.180) | (0.0517) | (0.0840) | (0.0265) | |
| FDI | 0.176 | −0.0322** | −0.0369 | 0.393 | −0.617 | −0.0311** |
| (0.154) | (0.0141) | (0.194) | (0.278) | (0.654) | (0.0136) | |
| GDP per capita (log) | −6.156*** | −1.887 | −20.25*** | −2.767 | −6.103 | −7.193 |
| (1.711) | (2.991) | (2.379) | (4.742) | (3.874) | (4.581) | |
| Constant | 115.6*** | 94.40*** | 198.2*** | 88.72** | 125.7*** | 122.7*** |
| (13.06) | (26.74) | (17.31) | (35.30) | (38.02) | (40.62) | |
| Observations | 1,494 | 648 | 208 | 608 | 518 | 808 |
| R-squared | 0.320 | 0.510 | ||||
| Fisher | 8.254*** | 18.51*** | 90.49*** | 2.725** | 6.341*** | 13.79*** |
| Variables | (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Developed economies | Developing economies | Low-income | Lower-middle-income | Upper-middle-income | High-income | |
| Dependent variable: women business and law index | ||||||
| Institutions | 10.52*** | 3.696 | 14.71*** | 9.339* | 8.413*** | 12.33* |
| (2.543) | (2.258) | (3.948) | (5.275) | (3.011) | (6.150) | |
| ICT | 0.844*** | 0.402*** | 6.196 | 1.023** | 0.945*** | 0.750*** |
| (0.286) | (0.0503) | (4.111) | (0.448) | (0.332) | (0.115) | |
| Financial development | −0.00564 | 0.00211 | 0.433** | 0.00473 | −0.0687 | 0.0498* |
| (0.0516) | (0.0243) | (0.180) | (0.0517) | (0.0840) | (0.0265) | |
| FDI | 0.176 | −0.0322** | −0.0369 | 0.393 | −0.617 | −0.0311** |
| (0.154) | (0.0141) | (0.194) | (0.278) | (0.654) | (0.0136) | |
| GDP per capita (log) | −6.156*** | −1.887 | −20.25*** | −2.767 | −6.103 | −7.193 |
| (1.711) | (2.991) | (2.379) | (4.742) | (3.874) | (4.581) | |
| Constant | 115.6*** | 94.40*** | 198.2*** | 88.72** | 125.7*** | 122.7*** |
| (13.06) | (26.74) | (17.31) | (35.30) | (38.02) | (40.62) | |
| Observations | 1,494 | 648 | 208 | 608 | 518 | 808 |
| 0.320 | 0.510 | |||||
| Fisher | 8.254*** | 18.51*** | 90.49*** | 2.725** | 6.341*** | 13.79*** |
Note(s): ICT, Information and communication technology; FDI, foreign direct investment; GDI, Gross domestic product; Standard errors in parentheses. ***p < 0.01, **p < 0.05, *p < 0.1
Source(s): Computed by authors