Table 3

The indicator system of women’s empowerment

First-classSecond-classIndicator description
Family decision-making (Internal)Who decides your family's agricultural production and operation?1 = Male members decides
2 = Jointly decide, male members dominate
3 = Jointly decide
4 = Jointly decide, female members dominate
5 = Female members decide
Who decides the purchase of durable consumer goods (refrigerators, color TVs, etc.) in your family?
Who decides your family's daily consumption (food, clothing, etc.)?
Who is in charge of money in your family?
Who decides your children's school problems?
Who decides the problem of medical treatment in your family?
Social participation (External)Who can borrow money from the bank in your family?1 = Male members only or no family members
5 = Female members or both male and female members
Do female members of your family participate in village collective activities (one-issue discussion, village representative assembly, etc.)?1 = No participation
3 = Participate occasionally/participate but do not speak
5 = Participate frequently/participate in at least some topics, or speak freely

Source(s): Table created by authors

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