Table 1 SSCM's BPP indicators Category...

Table 1

SSCM's BPP indicators

Category	Description	References
SSCM barriers
Flow of information	No proper channels for the correct information, unwillingness to share information about used technologies and implemented changes among organisations, lack of collaboration	Al Zaabi et al. (2013), Delmonico et al. (2018), Caldera et al. (2019), Nazam et al. (2020)
Financial and economic	Lack of sufficient financial sources or intention to invest, low priority to fund sustainability and a high cost of implementing sustainability	Delmonico et al. (2018), Kathirve et al. (2019), Sirilertsuwan et al. (2019), Jia et al. (2020), Narimissa et al. (2020)
Technological capabilities	Resistance to change, intention to maintain traditional practices, immature technology or the absence of innovation, difficulties in designing and developing a durable product	Gupta and Barua (2018), Gupta et al. (2020)
Upper-level management	Lack of managers' support for providing resources and facilities to adopt sustainable practices	Movahedipour et al. (2017), Zayed and Yaseen (2020)
Human resources	Absence of human capital to improve the company's efficiency, train a system or improve know-how in a system	Caldera et al. (2019), Baig et al. (2020), Jalilian and Mirghafoori (2020)
Government	Inadequate legislation and regulations, less emphasis on environmental aspects or inadequate incentives to support SSCM implementation	Sajjad et al. (2020), Zayed and Yaseen (2020)
Customers	Consumers' unwillingness to use sustainable products	Kathirve et al. (2019), Sirilertsuwan et al. (2019)
SSCM practices
Programmes and supportive plans	Tools, projects, and activities employed internally and externally to achieve sustainability	Morali and Searcy (2013), Jia et al. (2015), Qorri et al. (2021)
Supply chain management operations	Improving different operations through the company's supply chain	Gimenez and Tachizawa (2012), Cousins et al. (2019), Alinaghian et al. (2020)
Product and services	Developing produced items and services sustainably	Ashby et al. (2012), Beske-Janssen et al. (2014), Broemer et al. (2019)
Data analytics and information	Enhancing data application to increase sustainability	Das (2018), Laosirihongthong et al. (2020)
Social and environmental practices	Activities for the community and environment surrounding the company	Marshall et al. (2015), Köksal et al. (2017), Croom et al. (2018)
Specific and innovative practices	The company's specific contributions and inventions to create a sustainable system	Raut et al. (2017), Kumar et al. (2020), Nilsson and Göransson (2021)
SSCM performance
Financial or economic performance	Expected financial benefits resulting from SSCM practices	Govindan et al. (2014)
Operational performance	Improvements in operational activities to more efficiently produce and deliver products to customers	Zhu et al. (2005), Mitra and Datta (2014)
Ecological or environmental performance	SSCM practices' impact on the natural environment within and beyond organisations	Fahimnia et al. (2015)
Social performance	Improvements in stakeholder welfare, community health and workers' safety	Beske-Janssen et al. (2015)

Category	Description	References
SSCM barriers
Flow of information	No proper channels for the correct information, unwillingness to share information about used technologies and implemented changes among organisations, lack of collaboration	Al Zaabi et al. (2013), Delmonico et al. (2018), Caldera et al. (2019), Nazam et al. (2020)
Financial and economic	Lack of sufficient financial sources or intention to invest, low priority to fund sustainability and a high cost of implementing sustainability	Delmonico et al. (2018), Kathirve et al. (2019), Sirilertsuwan et al. (2019), Jia et al. (2020), Narimissa et al. (2020)
Technological capabilities	Resistance to change, intention to maintain traditional practices, immature technology or the absence of innovation, difficulties in designing and developing a durable product	Gupta and Barua (2018), Gupta et al. (2020)
Upper-level management	Lack of managers' support for providing resources and facilities to adopt sustainable practices	Movahedipour et al. (2017), Zayed and Yaseen (2020)
Human resources	Absence of human capital to improve the company's efficiency, train a system or improve know-how in a system	Caldera et al. (2019), Baig et al. (2020), Jalilian and Mirghafoori (2020)
Government	Inadequate legislation and regulations, less emphasis on environmental aspects or inadequate incentives to support SSCM implementation	Sajjad et al. (2020), Zayed and Yaseen (2020)
Customers	Consumers' unwillingness to use sustainable products	Kathirve et al. (2019), Sirilertsuwan et al. (2019)
SSCM practices
Programmes and supportive plans	Tools, projects, and activities employed internally and externally to achieve sustainability	Morali and Searcy (2013), Jia et al. (2015), Qorri et al. (2021)
Supply chain management operations	Improving different operations through the company's supply chain	Gimenez and Tachizawa (2012), Cousins et al. (2019), Alinaghian et al. (2020)
Product and services	Developing produced items and services sustainably	Ashby et al. (2012), Beske-Janssen et al. (2014), Broemer et al. (2019)
Data analytics and information	Enhancing data application to increase sustainability	Das (2018), Laosirihongthong et al. (2020)
Social and environmental practices	Activities for the community and environment surrounding the company	Marshall et al. (2015), Köksal et al. (2017), Croom et al. (2018)
Specific and innovative practices	The company's specific contributions and inventions to create a sustainable system	Raut et al. (2017), Kumar et al. (2020), Nilsson and Göransson (2021)
SSCM performance
Financial or economic performance	Expected financial benefits resulting from SSCM practices	Govindan et al. (2014)
Operational performance	Improvements in operational activities to more efficiently produce and deliver products to customers	Zhu et al. (2005), Mitra and Datta (2014)
Ecological or environmental performance	SSCM practices' impact on the natural environment within and beyond organisations	Fahimnia et al. (2015)
Social performance	Improvements in stakeholder welfare, community health and workers' safety	Beske-Janssen et al. (2015)

Source(s): Authors own work

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