Results of mixed-model analyses predicting perceived leadership effectiveness
| Model 1 Predicting leadership effectiveness | Model 1 Predicting leadership effectiveness | Model 1 Predicting leadership effectiveness | Model 4 Predicting leadership effectiveness | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Parameter | Estimate | Estimate | Estimate | |||||||||
| Estimates of fixed effects | b. | s.e. | p | b. | s.e. | P | b. | s.e. | P | b. | s.e. | p |
| Intercept | 6.50** | 0.097 | 0.000 | −0.10 | 0.113 | 0.364 | 6.54** | 0.090 | 0.000 | 6.57 | 0.087 | 0.000 |
| Followers' Age | −0.01 | 0.007 | 0.341 | −0.02** | 0.009 | 0.009 | 0.00 | 0.006 | 0.880 | 0.00 | 0.006 | 0.607 |
| Followers' Gender (f = 1) | −0.09 | 0.095 | 0.331 | 0.12 | 0.115 | 0.295 | −0.14 | 0.088 | 0.116 | −0.15 | 0.086 | 0.082 |
| Leaders' Gender (f = 1) | 0.05 | 0.096 | 0.598 | 0.03 | 0.109 | 0.272 | 0.04 | 0.090 | 0.692 | 0.01 | 0.085 | 0.849 |
| Servant Leadership | 0.40** | 0.044 | 0.000 | 0.32** | 0.053 | 0.000 | 0.29** | 0.043 | 0.000 | 0.30** | 0.042 | 0.000 |
| TCM-Cooperative | 0.41** | 0.066 | 0.000 | 0.38** | 0.065 | 0.000 | ||||||
| TCM-Competitive | −0.10 | 0.060 | 0.088 | −0.10 | 0.059 | 0.098 | ||||||
| Leaders' Machiavellianism | 0.05 | 0.055 | 0.330 | |||||||||
| Leaders' Machiavellianism*Servant Leadership | 0.18** | 0.057 | 0.002 | |||||||||
| Leaders' Machiavellianism*TCM Cooperative | −0.25** | 0.088 | 0.005 | |||||||||
| Leaders' Machiavellianism*TCM Competitive | −0.03 | 0.072 | 0.723 | |||||||||
| Estimates of covariance parameters | ||||||||||||
| Residual | 0.493** | 0.047 | 0.000 | 0.742** | 0.070 | 0.000 | 0.412** | 0.039 | 0.000 | 0.400 | 0.038 | 0.000 |
| Intercept | 0.052 | 0.034 | 0.128 | 0.043 | 0.044 | 0.336 | 0.050 | 0.028 | 0.081 | 0.036 | 0.027 | 0.178 |
| Model of fit statistics | ||||||||||||
| Schwarz's Bayesian (BIC) | 716.346 | 830.352 | 671.134 | 666.682 | ||||||||
| Akaike (AIC) | 708.905 | 882.911 | 663.707 | 659.281 | ||||||||
| Pseudo R-Square | 0.293 | 0.175 | 0.410 | 0.431 | ||||||||
| Model 1 | Model 1 | Model 1 | Model 4 | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Parameter | Estimate | Estimate | Estimate | |||||||||
| Estimates of fixed effects | b. | s.e. | b. | s.e. | b. | s.e. | b. | s.e. | ||||
| Intercept | 6.50** | 0.097 | 0.000 | −0.10 | 0.113 | 0.364 | 6.54** | 0.090 | 0.000 | 6.57 | 0.087 | 0.000 |
| Followers' Age | −0.01 | 0.007 | 0.341 | −0.02** | 0.009 | 0.009 | 0.00 | 0.006 | 0.880 | 0.00 | 0.006 | 0.607 |
| Followers' Gender (f = 1) | −0.09 | 0.095 | 0.331 | 0.12 | 0.115 | 0.295 | −0.14 | 0.088 | 0.116 | −0.15 | 0.086 | 0.082 |
| Leaders' Gender (f = 1) | 0.05 | 0.096 | 0.598 | 0.03 | 0.109 | 0.272 | 0.04 | 0.090 | 0.692 | 0.01 | 0.085 | 0.849 |
| Servant Leadership | 0.40** | 0.044 | 0.000 | 0.32** | 0.053 | 0.000 | 0.29** | 0.043 | 0.000 | 0.30** | 0.042 | 0.000 |
| TCM-Cooperative | 0.41** | 0.066 | 0.000 | 0.38** | 0.065 | 0.000 | ||||||
| TCM-Competitive | −0.10 | 0.060 | 0.088 | −0.10 | 0.059 | 0.098 | ||||||
| Leaders' Machiavellianism | 0.05 | 0.055 | 0.330 | |||||||||
| Leaders' Machiavellianism*Servant Leadership | 0.18** | 0.057 | 0.002 | |||||||||
| Leaders' Machiavellianism*TCM Cooperative | −0.25** | 0.088 | 0.005 | |||||||||
| Leaders' Machiavellianism*TCM Competitive | −0.03 | 0.072 | 0.723 | |||||||||
| Residual | 0.493** | 0.047 | 0.000 | 0.742** | 0.070 | 0.000 | 0.412** | 0.039 | 0.000 | 0.400 | 0.038 | 0.000 |
| Intercept | 0.052 | 0.034 | 0.128 | 0.043 | 0.044 | 0.336 | 0.050 | 0.028 | 0.081 | 0.036 | 0.027 | 0.178 |
| Schwarz's Bayesian (BIC) | 716.346 | 830.352 | 671.134 | 666.682 | ||||||||
| Akaike (AIC) | 708.905 | 882.911 | 663.707 | 659.281 | ||||||||
| Pseudo R-Square | 0.293 | 0.175 | 0.410 | 0.431 | ||||||||
Note(s): 1. *p < 0.05 **p < 0.01
Source(s): Table by authors
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