Table 1 Summary statistics Variable Obs.... | Emerald Publishing

Table 1

Summary statistics

Variable	Obs.	Mean	Median	Std. Dev.	Min	Max
DM	10,351	0.3775	0.3196	0.3466	0.0000	1.0000
Open	10,351	0.0448	0.0000	0.2069	0.0000	1.0000
Size	10,351	22.3708	22.1946	1.3652	19.6255	26.3050
ROA	10,351	0.0342	0.0309	0.0542	−0.1857	0.1949
Growth	10,351	0.2126	0.1123	0.5837	−0.5672	4.3304
Lev	10,351	0.5179	0.5195	0.1999	0.1051	0.9934
AM	10,351	0.2478	0.2172	0.1806	0.0016	0.7499
CFO	10,351	0.0365	0.0380	0.0710	−0.1952	0.2223
Top1	10,351	0.3550	0.3335	0.1532	0.0863	0.7613
Dual	10,351	0.2244	0.0000	0.4172	0.0000	1.0000
QFII	10,351	0.0008	0.0000	0.0035	0.0000	0.0235

Variable	Obs.	Mean	Median	Std. Dev.	Min	Max
DM	10,351	0.3775	0.3196	0.3466	0.0000	1.0000
Open	10,351	0.0448	0.0000	0.2069	0.0000	1.0000
Size	10,351	22.3708	22.1946	1.3652	19.6255	26.3050
ROA	10,351	0.0342	0.0309	0.0542	−0.1857	0.1949
Growth	10,351	0.2126	0.1123	0.5837	−0.5672	4.3304
Lev	10,351	0.5179	0.5195	0.1999	0.1051	0.9934
AM	10,351	0.2478	0.2172	0.1806	0.0016	0.7499
CFO	10,351	0.0365	0.0380	0.0710	−0.1952	0.2223
Top1	10,351	0.3550	0.3335	0.1532	0.0863	0.7613
Dual	10,351	0.2244	0.0000	0.4172	0.0000	1.0000
QFII	10,351	0.0008	0.0000	0.0035	0.0000	0.0235

Note(s): This table presents the summary statistics of variables. Variable definitions are available in Appendix 2

Source(s): Table by authors