Table 1 Description of variables... | Emerald Publishing

Table 1

Description of variables

Variables	Description	Measurement	Source
$INPR$	Industrial productivity	Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)	WDI
$IC$	Industrial competitiveness	PCA Index generated using for 4 components	WDI
$TECIN$	Technological innovation	Patent applications (residents and non-residents)	WDI
$HCD$	Human capital development	School enrollment, tertiary (% gross)	WDI
$TRO$	Trade openness	Trade (% of GDP)	WDI
$RD$	Research and development	Research and development expenditure (% of GDP)	WDI
$RQ$	Regulatory Quality	Regulatory Quality	WGI

Variables	Description	Measurement	Source
$INPR$	Industrial productivity	Manufacturing value added (% of GDP)	WDI
$IC$	Industrial competitiveness	PCA Index generated using for 4 components	WDI
$TECIN$	Technological innovation	Patent applications (residents and non-residents)	WDI
$HCD$	Human capital development	School enrollment, tertiary (% gross)	WDI
$TRO$	Trade openness	Trade (% of GDP)	WDI
$RD$	Research and development	Research and development expenditure (% of GDP)	WDI
$RQ$	Regulatory Quality	Regulatory Quality	WGI

Source(s): Authors’ compilation