Table 1

Overview of data sources

DataDetailsAmountPeriod
Participant observation
 Embedded time (upstream)48 weeks2022
 Internal weekly meetings (upstream)302022
 Blockchain project meetings302022
 StakeholderAlliance meetings12022
 Industry conference, online5 days2022
 Industry webinars, online52022–2023
 Informal conversations>1002022–2023
Additional interviews (cited as,e.g. I’x’, position, organization)
 Downstream
  • -

    I1, Supply chain sust. manager

  • -

    I2, Sustainability manager

22023
 Midstream
  • -

    I3, Sustainability manager

12023
 Upstream
  • -

    I4, Sustainability manager

12023
 StakeholderAlliance
  • -

    I5, Program manager

12023
 Technology provider
  • -

    I6, Founder

  • -

    I7, Founder

22023
Webinars (cited as,e.g. W’x’, position, organization)
 Technology provider
  • -

    W1, Founder

12021
 Midstream company
  • -

    W2, Sustainability director

12021
 Technology provider
  • -

    W3, Vice-president Marketing

12022
 StakeholderAlliance, tech provider, downstream
  • -

    W4, Project lead, StakeholderAlliance

  • -

    W4, Founder, tech. provider

  • -

    W4, Digital solutions manager, tech. provider

  • -

    W4, CSR manager, downstream

12023
 Midstream, upstream, tech. providers
  • -

    W5, Director regulatory affairs, midstream

  • -

    W5, Founder, tech. provider

  • -

    W5, COO, tech. provider

  • -

    W5, Director sustainability, upstream

12023
Documents
 Annual/sustainability reports, supporting documents472020–2023

Source(s): Authors’ own creation

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