Table 1. The cognitive dimension of RTDI...

Table 1.

The cognitive dimension of RTDI

Attributes (themes)	Variables (codes)	Frequency
Culture (Total mentions = 1,001)	On-site rituals	268
	History	210
	Grandeur	145
	Design	58
	Prayer	71
	Worship	48
	Tawaf	46
	Architecture	36
	Shifted direction of Qibla	34
	Center of earth	31
	House of God	30
	Gazing/looking at Kaaba	17
	Sunnah	7
General infrastructure (529)	Cleanliness and maintenance	229
	Commercial infrastructure	92
	Public transport facilities	66
	Signage	53
	Special arrangements for women	47
	Safety	42
Social environment (433)	Other tourists	181
	Local staff	167
	Diversity	53
	Locals	32
Tourist infrastructure (336)	Ease of access to destinations	133
	Facilities management	69
	Accommodation	71
	Souvenir shopping	47
	Facilities for pilgrims	16
Nature (66)	Availability of Zam-Zam or holy water	38
Nature (66)	Weather	28
Economic factors (61)	Cost	61
		Total 1,425

Attributes (themes)	Variables (codes)	Frequency
Culture (Total mentions = 1,001)	On-site rituals	268
	History	210
	Grandeur	145
	Design	58
	Prayer	71
	Worship	48
	Tawaf	46
	Architecture	36
	Shifted direction of Qibla	34
	Center of earth	31
	House of God	30
	Gazing/looking at Kaaba	17
	Sunnah	7
General infrastructure (529)	Cleanliness and maintenance	229
	Commercial infrastructure	92
	Public transport facilities	66
	Signage	53
	Special arrangements for women	47
	Safety	42
Social environment (433)	Other tourists	181
	Local staff	167
	Diversity	53
	Locals	32
Tourist infrastructure (336)	Ease of access to destinations	133
	Facilities management	69
	Accommodation	71
	Souvenir shopping	47
	Facilities for pilgrims	16
Nature (66)	Availability of Zam-Zam or holy water	38
Nature (66)	Weather	28
Economic factors (61)	Cost	61
		Total 1,425

Notes:

Darker-shaded cells indicate Muslim-specific attributes, lighter-shaded cells indicate attributes related to RT only, unshaded cells can be related to any tourist experience

Source: Authors’ own work

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