Table 3. Social effectiveness of... | Emerald Publishing

Table 3.

Social effectiveness of Officine Culturali

Effectiveness variables	Key factors	Results
Inputs	Human resources	Officine Culturali is a labour-intensive organization, and as such devotes particular attention to the well-being of the human resources employed in the business activity. The internal staff is made up of members, employees and volunteers, and operates with respect for gender equality, human rights, the fight against corruption, the guarantee of the rights of minors, the elderly and the disabled. a clear example of how much explicit is represented by the increasing previewed remuneration for the inner human resources to the team of the social enterprise, second heterogeneous contractual forms to each other. From the € 61,766 of total salaries awarded in the year 2020, Officine Culturali recorded a total of production costs for staff in terms of wages and salaries equal to € 92,238.00 in the year 2021. Value that reached the figure of € 195,108.00 in the successful year, 2022, corresponding to the last phase of longitudinal analysis of this work, as can be seen from the analysis of economic and financial performance. The growing remuneration and contractualization of new human resources, in a period of severe economic and social crisis caused by the pandemic by COVID, shows the attention of Officine Culturali to the social welfare of the company, as demonstrated by the official reports in which this role is crucial. «In the widespread uncertainty that characterizes this present, Officine Culturali is working so that internal cohesion can be key to address the objective difficulties and a resource available to the public of culture and the reference communities» [Extract from the minutes of the meeting of 3 June 2022]
	Purchasing policies	Purchasing policies are defined during the year, according to the methodology of learning by doing. Specifically, purchasing policies of the tangible resources necessary for the business activity are expressed in a wide and heterogeneous range of sources, as well as public and private stakeholders involved. In detail, we note the centrality of the contractual form provided by public private partnerships for the co-financing of project activities in progress and in anticipation. A clear example of this is the BeeDINI project, on which € 21,216.85 from the anticipation provided by Fondazione CON IL SUD were invested, plus the relative co-financing by Officine Culturali in the year 2020. During the following year, in 2021 € 40,318.44 from the anticipation provided by Fondazione CON IL SUD were invested on the same project, plus the related co-financing by Officine Culturali for the costs of the second segment of works. In the same year, the purchase costs of raw materials were increased by number and type. During the central phase of the longitudinal analysis, in fact, € 5,903.49 was invested for the purchase of books and € 5,444.39 for the purchase of products, both aimed at animating the commercial and cultural activity of the bookshop at the Benedictine Monastery, under the management of Officine Culturali. They also invested € 4,031.72 for materials essential to educational services. The propensity to invest is confirmed, finally, by the data relating to the last phase of the analysis (2022), according to which € 16,714.81 were invested for the purchase of books and € 17,712.62 for the purchase of products, both aimed at animating the commercial and cultural activity of the bookshop at the Benedictine Monastery. They also invested € 1,627.32 for materials of use in educational services, € 2,588.24 for computer materials, and € 3,374.19 for the printing of maps and postcards aimed at enhancing the Benedictine Monastery. Officine Culturali aims at a speeding up of services to be reached in the long term through the recruitment, and training of a responsible figure of purchases, dedicated to incoming and outgoing flows
	Work conditions	Following the rules governing the exercise of the economic activity of the social enterprise, the conditions of the workers are constantly monitored in each of the three phases of the longitudinal analysis of this study. Specifically, the involvement of users’ workers and other stakeholders directly involved in the activities has been monitored and ensured, with adequate tools for constant information and participation in the most significant operational and management phases of the organization. The appropriate economic and regulatory treatment of workers was ensured, considering the existing collective agreements and the maximum wage differential parameter. It has also been guaranteed compliance with the requirements relating to volunteers by keeping a special register and ensuring insurance obligations
	Governance model	Since 2020, the Board of Directors has been constituted for the absolute majority by four councillors women and at the same time employees of the organization, operating downstream of the annual indications of the Shareholders’ Meeting and Members. Gender issues are a subject particularly cared for by Officine Culturali and constantly monitored by the Board of Directors, with an absolute majority of working women with voting power. The workers (both partners and non-members) are constantly involved in the operational decisions that the Board of Directors takes during the year, through meetings in presence or digital conversations
Outputs	Activities	The proposition of social value guided by arts and culture of officine culturali provides a precise and well-defined architecture. The value creation process is built on four pillars. The first pillar is linked to cultural design and finds concrete implementation at the level of action in the definition of outputs related to the game, the narration and the involvement of the senses in the enjoyment of culturally based experiences. The second pillar on which the value proposition of the case is analyzed is linked to educational services, and in detail to the construction of co-designed projects with a cultural matrix for the territories and communities. In this direction, families, schools and museum play a fundamental role in the educational process of boys and girls. It follows the pillar of cultural participation, with hybrid initiatives and activities dedicated to the enjoyment of audiences with different needs. In the final analysis, among the outputs put in place by officine culturali, mention should be made of the training and accompanying activities through curricular internships, aimed at emerging or already started cultural and social enterprises in the creation of new scenarios of self-employment
Outputs	Products/services obtained	The outputs realized by the social enterprise investigated include obtained commercial activities of publishing and craft products aimed at greater knowledge of the history and of creativity of the territories. The social effectiveness of the outputs fielded by Officine Culturali does not go beyond the data extrapolated from the economic and financial performance, according to which the value of production in the first phase of analysis (year 2020) stands at a figure of € 234,706, to increase by € 13,335 in the following year (2021) until reaching a total value of production in the last phase of analysis (2021) equivalent to € 503,172.00. In terms of social effectiveness, the evidence shows a significant reinvestment of revenues and revenues from products sold and services provided projected to the consolidation and expansion of business activity
Outcomes	Positive effects to intended beneficiaries	Officine culturali pursues a multiplicity of objectives that aim to elicit effects in the communities to which they are addressed. Among the outcomes likely to be verified, the social enterprise investigated aims at the enhancement of cultural heritage through the activation of virtuous processes aimed at the scientific dissemination of cultural value. This presupposition is linked to the creation of employment and professionalization in the cultural and creative sector. Among the greatest positive effects to be conveyed to the beneficiaries of the value proposition of officine culturali is, therefore, the creation of an economic induced in favor of all those social actors and legal entities that gravitate in the orbit of the social enterprise investigated
Impact	Long-term impacts on the wider community	The impact that the selected case study intends to generate on the territory responds effectively to emerging social phenomena. Through the co-planning and the pro-active involvement of stakeholders involved in the creation of value of the company, Officine Culturali aims to create assumptions, tools and practices to combat the phenomenon of educational poverty within the framework of a general vision of cultural welfare with the aim of social cohesion. Impact assessment is a central issue in demonstrating the social effectiveness of the social enterprise under investigation. Since 2018, Officine Culturali has published the annual social report on its website, in line with the provisions of Legislative Decree 112 / 2017 on social enterprises, a qualification it acquired in that year. According to official documents, the publication of the generated impact does not respond to a simple formal fulfillment but represents an opportunity to share in a more structured way what Officine Culturali is, what the team produces in terms of outputs and outcomes, and what are the long-term impacts to achieve

Effectiveness variables	Key factors	Results
Inputs	Human resources	Officine Culturali is a labour-intensive organization, and as such devotes particular attention to the well-being of the human resources employed in the business activity. The internal staff is made up of members, employees and volunteers, and operates with respect for gender equality, human rights, the fight against corruption, the guarantee of the rights of minors, the elderly and the disabled. a clear example of how much explicit is represented by the increasing previewed remuneration for the inner human resources to the team of the social enterprise, second heterogeneous contractual forms to each other. From the € 61,766 of total salaries awarded in the year 2020, Officine Culturali recorded a total of production costs for staff in terms of wages and salaries equal to € 92,238.00 in the year 2021. Value that reached the figure of € 195,108.00 in the successful year, 2022, corresponding to the last phase of longitudinal analysis of this work, as can be seen from the analysis of economic and financial performance. The growing remuneration and contractualization of new human resources, in a period of severe economic and social crisis caused by the pandemic by COVID, shows the attention of Officine Culturali to the social welfare of the company, as demonstrated by the official reports in which this role is crucial. «In the widespread uncertainty that characterizes this present, Officine Culturali is working so that internal cohesion can be key to address the objective difficulties and a resource available to the public of culture and the reference communities» [Extract from the minutes of the meeting of 3 June 2022]
	Purchasing policies	Purchasing policies are defined during the year, according to the methodology of learning by doing. Specifically, purchasing policies of the tangible resources necessary for the business activity are expressed in a wide and heterogeneous range of sources, as well as public and private stakeholders involved. In detail, we note the centrality of the contractual form provided by public private partnerships for the co-financing of project activities in progress and in anticipation. A clear example of this is the BeeDINI project, on which € 21,216.85 from the anticipation provided by Fondazione CON IL SUD were invested, plus the relative co-financing by Officine Culturali in the year 2020. During the following year, in 2021 € 40,318.44 from the anticipation provided by Fondazione CON IL SUD were invested on the same project, plus the related co-financing by Officine Culturali for the costs of the second segment of works. In the same year, the purchase costs of raw materials were increased by number and type. During the central phase of the longitudinal analysis, in fact, € 5,903.49 was invested for the purchase of books and € 5,444.39 for the purchase of products, both aimed at animating the commercial and cultural activity of the bookshop at the Benedictine Monastery, under the management of Officine Culturali. They also invested € 4,031.72 for materials essential to educational services. The propensity to invest is confirmed, finally, by the data relating to the last phase of the analysis (2022), according to which € 16,714.81 were invested for the purchase of books and € 17,712.62 for the purchase of products, both aimed at animating the commercial and cultural activity of the bookshop at the Benedictine Monastery. They also invested € 1,627.32 for materials of use in educational services, € 2,588.24 for computer materials, and € 3,374.19 for the printing of maps and postcards aimed at enhancing the Benedictine Monastery. Officine Culturali aims at a speeding up of services to be reached in the long term through the recruitment, and training of a responsible figure of purchases, dedicated to incoming and outgoing flows
	Work conditions	Following the rules governing the exercise of the economic activity of the social enterprise, the conditions of the workers are constantly monitored in each of the three phases of the longitudinal analysis of this study. Specifically, the involvement of users’ workers and other stakeholders directly involved in the activities has been monitored and ensured, with adequate tools for constant information and participation in the most significant operational and management phases of the organization. The appropriate economic and regulatory treatment of workers was ensured, considering the existing collective agreements and the maximum wage differential parameter. It has also been guaranteed compliance with the requirements relating to volunteers by keeping a special register and ensuring insurance obligations
	Governance model	Since 2020, the Board of Directors has been constituted for the absolute majority by four councillors women and at the same time employees of the organization, operating downstream of the annual indications of the Shareholders’ Meeting and Members. Gender issues are a subject particularly cared for by Officine Culturali and constantly monitored by the Board of Directors, with an absolute majority of working women with voting power. The workers (both partners and non-members) are constantly involved in the operational decisions that the Board of Directors takes during the year, through meetings in presence or digital conversations
Outputs	Activities	The proposition of social value guided by arts and culture of officine culturali provides a precise and well-defined architecture. The value creation process is built on four pillars. The first pillar is linked to cultural design and finds concrete implementation at the level of action in the definition of outputs related to the game, the narration and the involvement of the senses in the enjoyment of culturally based experiences. The second pillar on which the value proposition of the case is analyzed is linked to educational services, and in detail to the construction of co-designed projects with a cultural matrix for the territories and communities. In this direction, families, schools and museum play a fundamental role in the educational process of boys and girls. It follows the pillar of cultural participation, with hybrid initiatives and activities dedicated to the enjoyment of audiences with different needs. In the final analysis, among the outputs put in place by officine culturali, mention should be made of the training and accompanying activities through curricular internships, aimed at emerging or already started cultural and social enterprises in the creation of new scenarios of self-employment
Outputs	Products/services obtained	The outputs realized by the social enterprise investigated include obtained commercial activities of publishing and craft products aimed at greater knowledge of the history and of creativity of the territories. The social effectiveness of the outputs fielded by Officine Culturali does not go beyond the data extrapolated from the economic and financial performance, according to which the value of production in the first phase of analysis (year 2020) stands at a figure of € 234,706, to increase by € 13,335 in the following year (2021) until reaching a total value of production in the last phase of analysis (2021) equivalent to € 503,172.00. In terms of social effectiveness, the evidence shows a significant reinvestment of revenues and revenues from products sold and services provided projected to the consolidation and expansion of business activity
Outcomes	Positive effects to intended beneficiaries	Officine culturali pursues a multiplicity of objectives that aim to elicit effects in the communities to which they are addressed. Among the outcomes likely to be verified, the social enterprise investigated aims at the enhancement of cultural heritage through the activation of virtuous processes aimed at the scientific dissemination of cultural value. This presupposition is linked to the creation of employment and professionalization in the cultural and creative sector. Among the greatest positive effects to be conveyed to the beneficiaries of the value proposition of officine culturali is, therefore, the creation of an economic induced in favor of all those social actors and legal entities that gravitate in the orbit of the social enterprise investigated
Impact	Long-term impacts on the wider community	The impact that the selected case study intends to generate on the territory responds effectively to emerging social phenomena. Through the co-planning and the pro-active involvement of stakeholders involved in the creation of value of the company, Officine Culturali aims to create assumptions, tools and practices to combat the phenomenon of educational poverty within the framework of a general vision of cultural welfare with the aim of social cohesion. Impact assessment is a central issue in demonstrating the social effectiveness of the social enterprise under investigation. Since 2018, Officine Culturali has published the annual social report on its website, in line with the provisions of Legislative Decree 112 / 2017 on social enterprises, a qualification it acquired in that year. According to official documents, the publication of the generated impact does not respond to a simple formal fulfillment but represents an opportunity to share in a more structured way what Officine Culturali is, what the team produces in terms of outputs and outcomes, and what are the long-term impacts to achieve

Source: Authors’ elaboration