Table 3 Barriers to the adoption of WSDs...

Table 3

Barriers to the adoption of WSDs

Barriers	Authors
Concern for usability	Lee et al. (2017)
Lack of integration with existing construction practices and operations	Nnaji and Awolusi (2021)
Health and safety concern	Abuwarda et al. (2022)
Initial cost	Nnaji et al. (2021), Nnaji and Awolusi (2021)
Maintenance cost	Dithebe et al. (2019)
Operating cost	Goodrum et al. (2011)
Cost of training and employing professionals	Arabshahi et al. (2021a)
Uncertain cost-beneﬁt relation	Dithebe et al. (2019)
Technology-related operational difﬁculties	Nnaji and Awolusi (2021)
Challenge of power supply	Heller, 2015
Data management challenge	Ahmed et al. (2018)
Lack of proper information technology (IT) infrastructure	Didehvar et al. (2018)
Technology immaturity	Golizadeh et al. (2019)
Employees compliance	Alizadehsalehi and Yitmen (2019)
Legal or ethical concerns	Haikio et al. (2020)
Resistance to change	Didehvar et al. (2018)
Organization culture	Adriaanse et al. (2010)
Lack of government support	Rogers et al. (2015)
Temporary nature of construction	Adriaanse et al. (2010)
Privacy	Choi et al. (2017)
Site-related issues	Golizadeh et al. (2019)
Manufacturing requirement	Schall et al. (2018)
Lack of well-trained staff	Akinbile and Oni (2016)
Long data processing time	Arabshahi et al. (2021a), Nnaji et al. (2021)
High data storage capacity	Abuwarda et al. (2022)
Interference with essential activities	Lee et al. (2017)
Individual privacy and ownership of data	Nnaji et al. (2021)
Former unsuccessful experience	Arabshahi et al. (2021b)

Barriers	Authors
Concern for usability	Lee et al. (2017)
Lack of integration with existing construction practices and operations	Nnaji and Awolusi (2021)
Health and safety concern	Abuwarda et al. (2022)
Initial cost	Nnaji et al. (2021), Nnaji and Awolusi (2021)
Maintenance cost	Dithebe et al. (2019)
Operating cost	Goodrum et al. (2011)
Cost of training and employing professionals	Arabshahi et al. (2021a)
Uncertain cost-beneﬁt relation	Dithebe et al. (2019)
Technology-related operational difﬁculties	Nnaji and Awolusi (2021)
Challenge of power supply	Heller, 2015
Data management challenge	Ahmed et al. (2018)
Lack of proper information technology (IT) infrastructure	Didehvar et al. (2018)
Technology immaturity	Golizadeh et al. (2019)
Employees compliance	Alizadehsalehi and Yitmen (2019)
Legal or ethical concerns	Haikio et al. (2020)
Resistance to change	Didehvar et al. (2018)
Organization culture	Adriaanse et al. (2010)
Lack of government support	Rogers et al. (2015)
Temporary nature of construction	Adriaanse et al. (2010)
Privacy	Choi et al. (2017)
Site-related issues	Golizadeh et al. (2019)
Manufacturing requirement	Schall et al. (2018)
Lack of well-trained staff	Akinbile and Oni (2016)
Long data processing time	Arabshahi et al. (2021a), Nnaji et al. (2021)
High data storage capacity	Abuwarda et al. (2022)
Interference with essential activities	Lee et al. (2017)
Individual privacy and ownership of data	Nnaji et al. (2021)
Former unsuccessful experience	Arabshahi et al. (2021b)

Source(s): Table created by Author

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