Table 7 Network analysis measures of... | Emerald Publishing

Table 7

Network analysis measures of centrality

SNA measure	Description	Use in intangible risk assessment
Total degree	Number of total links (inputs and outputs) to other nodes in the network. These have a broader understanding of the current and emerging ideas, thoughts, beliefs, etc. The higher the value, the larger the role of the node	Identifying an agent's level of involvement and access to information regarding the “pulse” of the network
Betweenness	How often a node appears as a bridge between nodes in the network. These actors facilitate efficient knowledge transfer, coordinate effort, or ensure inclusion of people on the periphery	Identifying actors who are important for effective information flow and can become effective “brokers.” Additionally, they can be instrumental in building trust among groups that do not normally interact
Boundary spanner	The degree that a node spans disconnected groups in a network	Identifying actors who are in key structural positions capable of spanning organizational boundaries (departments)
Eigenvector	A measure of the node influence on the entire network by having many connections to nodes with many connections	Identifying nodes that have the potential to underpin a network cascade. This can be effective in communication or propagation
Out degree	Number of links to other nodes (outputs) in the network. The larger the number, the higher the effect	Identifying actors contributing to the completion of a task and/or influencing intangible risk causal factors, along with which causal factors potentially influence the largest number of intangible risks
In degree	Number of links from other nodes (inputs) in the network. The larger the number, the higher the effect	Identifying the causal factors and tasks most influenced by actors, as well as which intangible risks are influenced the most
Cognitive demand	Measures the effort to perform tasks; the removal of this link can cause significant disruption	Identifying the workload responsibility for each agent

SNA measure	Description	Use in intangible risk assessment
Total degree	Number of total links (inputs and outputs) to other nodes in the network. These have a broader understanding of the current and emerging ideas, thoughts, beliefs, etc. The higher the value, the larger the role of the node	Identifying an agent's level of involvement and access to information regarding the “pulse” of the network
Betweenness	How often a node appears as a bridge between nodes in the network. These actors facilitate efficient knowledge transfer, coordinate effort, or ensure inclusion of people on the periphery	Identifying actors who are important for effective information flow and can become effective “brokers.” Additionally, they can be instrumental in building trust among groups that do not normally interact
Boundary spanner	The degree that a node spans disconnected groups in a network	Identifying actors who are in key structural positions capable of spanning organizational boundaries (departments)
Eigenvector	A measure of the node influence on the entire network by having many connections to nodes with many connections	Identifying nodes that have the potential to underpin a network cascade. This can be effective in communication or propagation
Out degree	Number of links to other nodes (outputs) in the network. The larger the number, the higher the effect	Identifying actors contributing to the completion of a task and/or influencing intangible risk causal factors, along with which causal factors potentially influence the largest number of intangible risks
In degree	Number of links from other nodes (inputs) in the network. The larger the number, the higher the effect	Identifying the causal factors and tasks most influenced by actors, as well as which intangible risks are influenced the most
Cognitive demand	Measures the effort to perform tasks; the removal of this link can cause significant disruption	Identifying the workload responsibility for each agent

Source(s): Authors' own work