Table 1

Biophilic elements present in study area

Biophilic elements present in study areas (Total points = 55)JMFJMCWWLCOMWCL
Actual nature features (not images of real nature characteristics)Air
Water
Plants
Animals
Natural materials
Views
habitats
Fire
Natural shapes and forms/representations of nature and simulationsAnimal-like
Shells and spirals
Curves and arches
Fluid forms
Abstraction of nature
Inside-outside
Botanical motifs
Natural patterns and processes- properties derived from natural features and processesNatural ratios and scales
Patterned wholes
Linked series and chains
Integration of parts to wholes
Area of emphasis
Complementary contrasts
Bounded spaces
Age, change and the patina of time
Sensory richness
Dynamic balance and tension
Colour and light (colour, light and material qualities and space relationships to natureComposition
Communication
Preference
Response 
Pragmatics
Natural light
Filtered light
Reflected light
Light pools
Warm light
Light as shape and form
Spaciousness
Spatial variety
Space as shape and form
Spatial harmony
Place-based relationships culture together with ecology, rooted in geographyGeographic connection to place
Historic connection to place
Ecological connection to place
Cultural connection to place
Integration of culture and ecology
Spirit of place
Human-nature relationship paired biological needs of the human relationships to natureOrder/complexity
Prospect/refuge
Curiosity/enticement
Master/control
Attraction/attachment
Exploration/discovery
Fear/awe
Reverence/spirituality

Source(s): Table created by author

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