Table 5

Three-way ANOVA analyses

Model 1Model 2Model 3Model 4
Factors (df)F (ηp2)F (ηp2)F (ηp2)F (ηp2)
T1: Language (1)31.98***
(0.03)
32.48***
(0.03)
32.03***
(0.03)
32.50***
(0.03)
T2: Availability (1)22.99***
(0.02)
23.31***
(0.02)
23.02***
(0.02)
23.32***
(0.02)
T3: Quality (1)147.49***
(0.11)
148.55***
(0.11)
147.68***
(0.11)
148.64***
(0.11)
Language identity (1) 0.05
(0.00)
 0.05
(0.00)
Residence (4) 0.83
(0.00)
 0.83
(0.00)
Children (1) 5.26*
(0.00)
 5.26*
(0.00)
Language competence (1) 1.35
(0.00)
 1.35
(0.00)
Gender (1) 0.26
(0.00)
 0.26
(0.00)
T1:T2 (1)  0.23
(0.00)
0.20
(0.00)
T1:T3 (1)  3.99*
(0.00)
3.39
(0.00)
T2:T3 (1)  0.30
(0.00)
0.17
(0.00)
T1:T2:T3 (1)  1.04
(0.00)
0.96
(0.00)
Residual (1,191)    

Note(s): Abbreviations: df, degrees of freedom; F, F-statistic (ratio of variance); ηp2, partial eta-squared (effect-size)

*Signif. Codes (p-value): “***” 0.001, “**” 0.01, “*” 0.05

Source(s): Authors’ own creation/work

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