Table 1

Experts’ characteristics

IndicatorDescriptionProfessional backgroundEducational backgroundGenderAge (years)
E1Judges and prosecutors, experts in the application of penal law at high criminal offenses levelDistrict Chief Court Instance in SpainGraduated in Law and BusinessFemale<40
Anti-drug prosecutor in SpainGraduated in LawFemale>55
Crime unity prosecutor in SpainGraduated in LawFemale<40
District Chief prosecutor in SpainGraduated in LawMale<40
Constitutional Court prosecutor in SpainGraduated in LawMale>55
Magistrate of the Valencia Provincial Court. President of the anticorruption platformsGraduated in LawMale>55
E2Managers and other experts in corporate decision making and consultingProfessor of Strategic ManagementGraduated in BusinessMale>55
Full professor of Strategic ManagementGraduated in BusinessFemale41–54
Founder and CEO of a Consulting firmGraduated in BusinessMale>55
Strategic consultantIndustrial engineerMale<40
CEO of a Spanish multinational companyTelecom engineerMale<40
TMT of a private companyGraduated in LawMale41–54
United Nations employee at Latin AmericaGraduated in Law and Political ScienceFemale<40
E3Lawyers experts in areas related to firms' criminal offensesFull professor of Criminal LawGraduated in LawFemale41–54
Full professor of Urban Planning Law and lawyerGraduated in LawMale>55
Lawyer and official of Valencia antitrust CouncilGraduated in LawFemale>55
Lawyer and full professorGraduated in LawFemale41–54

Source(s): Table by the authors

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