Measurement scales
| Performance expectancy (Venkatesh et al., 2012) |
| I think E-COM is useful in my daily life |
| I think E-COM increases my possibilities of reaching the things important to me |
| I think E-COM helps speed up my purchases |
| I think E-COM improves my performance when shopping |
| Effort expectancy (Venkatesh et al., 2012) |
| Learning to use E-COM tools is easy for me |
| My interaction with E-COM tools is clear and understandable |
| I find it easy to use E-COM |
| I think learning to use E-COM applications is easy for me |
| Social influence (Venkatesh et al., 2003) |
| Important people in my life think I should use E-COM |
| People who influence my behaviour think I should use E-COM |
| People whose opinion I value and take into account believe I should use E-COM |
| Facilitating conditions (Venkatesh et al., 2012) |
| I have the resources necessary to be able to shop online |
| I have the knowledge necessary to be able to shop online |
| E-COM is compatible with other applications I use |
| When I have trouble while using E-COM, I can get help |
| Hedonic motivation (Venkatesh et al., 2012) |
| Shopping online is fun |
| I enjoy shopping online |
| Shopping online is entertaining |
| Habit (Limayem et al., 2007) |
| Shopping online has become a habit of mine |
| I am addicted to E-COM |
| I have to use E-COM applications |
| Using E-COM has become a natural activity for me |
| Trust (Pavlou and Gefen, 2004) |
| E-COM is reliable |
| When I shop online, the company always fulfils what it promises |
| E-commerce is responsible for satisfying the user |
| Technophobia (Heinssen et al., 1987) |
| I doubt when shopping online because I fear making mistakes that I cannot correct |
| I dislike working with machines that are smarter than me |
| I feel afraid when shopping online |
| I fear becoming dependent on E-COM and losing some of my abilities |
| I feel anxious when shopping online |
| I feel insecure in my ability to understand E-COM |
| I have avoided shopping online because it is not familiar to me and, in some way, it intimidates me |
| I have difficulty understanding the technical aspects of online shopping |
| Privacy risk (Featherman and Pavlou, 2003) |
| I worry that the information I give when shopping online will be misused |
| I worry that somebody could find private information about me on the internet |
| I worry about giving out personal information on E-COM because of how it might be used |
| Perceived risk (Featherman and Pavlou, 2003) |
| In general, shopping online is risky |
| It is dangerous to use E-COM |
| Shopping online puts me at risk |
| Switching cost (Hsieh, 2015) |
| We have already allocated a lot of time and effort to dominating the current online shopping format |
| A lot of time and effort is required to change to using E-COM |
| Changing to E-COM could generate unexpected costs |
| Intention of using e-commerce (Venkatesh et al., 2012) |
| I intend on using E-COM in the near future |
| I will always attempt to use E-COM in my daily life |
| I plan to use E-COM frequently |
| I think E-COM is useful in my daily life |
| I think E-COM increases my possibilities of reaching the things important to me |
| I think E-COM helps speed up my purchases |
| I think E-COM improves my performance when shopping |
| Learning to use E-COM tools is easy for me |
| My interaction with E-COM tools is clear and understandable |
| I find it easy to use E-COM |
| I think learning to use E-COM applications is easy for me |
| Important people in my life think I should use E-COM |
| People who influence my behaviour think I should use E-COM |
| People whose opinion I value and take into account believe I should use E-COM |
| I have the resources necessary to be able to shop online |
| I have the knowledge necessary to be able to shop online |
| E-COM is compatible with other applications I use |
| When I have trouble while using E-COM, I can get help |
| Shopping online is fun |
| I enjoy shopping online |
| Shopping online is entertaining |
| Shopping online has become a habit of mine |
| I am addicted to E-COM |
| I have to use E-COM applications |
| Using E-COM has become a natural activity for me |
| E-COM is reliable |
| When I shop online, the company always fulfils what it promises |
| E-commerce is responsible for satisfying the user |
| I doubt when shopping online because I fear making mistakes that I cannot correct |
| I dislike working with machines that are smarter than me |
| I feel afraid when shopping online |
| I fear becoming dependent on E-COM and losing some of my abilities |
| I feel anxious when shopping online |
| I feel insecure in my ability to understand E-COM |
| I have avoided shopping online because it is not familiar to me and, in some way, it intimidates me |
| I have difficulty understanding the technical aspects of online shopping |
| I worry that the information I give when shopping online will be misused |
| I worry that somebody could find private information about me on the internet |
| I worry about giving out personal information on E-COM because of how it might be used |
| In general, shopping online is risky |
| It is dangerous to use E-COM |
| Shopping online puts me at risk |
| We have already allocated a lot of time and effort to dominating the current online shopping format |
| A lot of time and effort is required to change to using E-COM |
| Changing to E-COM could generate unexpected costs |
| I intend on using E-COM in the near future |
| I will always attempt to use E-COM in my daily life |
| I plan to use E-COM frequently |
Source(s): Prepared by the authors
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