Table 1. Overview of category, frequency... | Emerald Publishing

Table 1.

Overview of category, frequency and empirical example

Category	Frequency	Empirical example
Using workarounds to bypass routines	19	“Sometimes you have to do the workaround because people are sitting, can’t do their work or something”
Using social networks to bypass routines	12	“And one thing that’s a problem, at least for us, is that it depends on who’s asking. We have a … not like hierarchy, it’s more like if you have a good relationship with them then you can get away with more and get stuff”
Installing or using unsanctioned IT	11	“That’s more like the shadow IT stuff because we don’t have the tools that are maybe good to work with and we go around saying stuff like ‘Miro’ that we use or I would use in workshops instead of Microsoft Teams Whiteboard that sucks in comparison. But as long as we keep it small and just for us then OK”
Not seeking approval	10	“I think I should ask more for approval, but I don’t do it so often. It’s not right, but it’s not completely wrong.”
Not contributing or disrupting meetings	10	“Yeah, I’ve been in meetings where they called the, you know a very non-IT person and said, ‘Oh well, it’s just to connect it to the Wi-Fi’ and then really … like one of the best IT persons we have that does not have good social skills call them an idiot because well, no you can’t do that”
Use of legacy systems	6	“Yeah, some of them that don’t use the program they like … now we are like 95% using Teams, but some still use Skype because they think Teams is not good enough or not safe enough for one example”
Bypassing the hiring process	5	“We have a couple of consultants in the project … to help us until December 2021. Let’s say … the project is not finished and if we should be very formal we actually need to make a new and maybe get two new people in. Uh, but sometimes we you know we let the consultants finish the jobs anyway”
Releasing unfinished projects or running shadow projects	5	“But sometimes IT takes decisions on their own … Uh, because maybe the line is not very clear …. what responsibilities are on the IT service center and what responsibilities are on my side if you understand. And so … people on IT service center sometimes do things … make priorities that are not in the way they are supposed to do.”
Extra-role or out-of-role behaviors	5	“Yeah, but sure some people can walk over to the person that's calling with the problem and help them at their office. …even though we shouldn't because we have other personnel for doing the on-site and problem solving
Prioritizing tasks and projects that conflict with DT goals	5	“And of course, we feel pressure that we have to, you know, try to help them and launch the projects. So sometimes we launch projects that are not maybe … we’re not finished with the preparations”
Running shadow projects that conflict with or are not prioritized by DT departments	2	“We should not do this right now and so of course, it’s kind of easy for the organization that has the capacity to start this anyway and not ask us so that they do it anyway, because we if we had the capacity to handle each case rapidly and with good quality and actually be a good support, I think we would have more projects in the daylight.”
Challenging the status quo	2	“I was told that I had to sign it like handwriting, and I said no, no why do we have this? It's unnecessary administration <… > some people say that if you are employed within the government or within as I am in the municipality, you should just follow decisions that is like somebody has said to you. I say the opposite”

Category	Frequency	Empirical example
Using workarounds to bypass routines	19	“Sometimes you have to do the workaround because people are sitting, can’t do their work or something”
Using social networks to bypass routines	12	“And one thing that’s a problem, at least for us, is that it depends on who’s asking. We have a … not like hierarchy, it’s more like if you have a good relationship with them then you can get away with more and get stuff”
Installing or using unsanctioned IT	11	“That’s more like the shadow IT stuff because we don’t have the tools that are maybe good to work with and we go around saying stuff like ‘Miro’ that we use or I would use in workshops instead of Microsoft Teams Whiteboard that sucks in comparison. But as long as we keep it small and just for us then OK”
Not seeking approval	10	“I think I should ask more for approval, but I don’t do it so often. It’s not right, but it’s not completely wrong.”
Not contributing or disrupting meetings	10	“Yeah, I’ve been in meetings where they called the, you know a very non-IT person and said, ‘Oh well, it’s just to connect it to the Wi-Fi’ and then really … like one of the best IT persons we have that does not have good social skills call them an idiot because well, no you can’t do that”
Use of legacy systems	6	“Yeah, some of them that don’t use the program they like … now we are like 95% using Teams, but some still use Skype because they think Teams is not good enough or not safe enough for one example”
Bypassing the hiring process	5	“We have a couple of consultants in the project … to help us until December 2021. Let’s say … the project is not finished and if we should be very formal we actually need to make a new and maybe get two new people in. Uh, but sometimes we you know we let the consultants finish the jobs anyway”
Releasing unfinished projects or running shadow projects	5	“But sometimes IT takes decisions on their own … Uh, because maybe the line is not very clear …. what responsibilities are on the IT service center and what responsibilities are on my side if you understand. And so … people on IT service center sometimes do things … make priorities that are not in the way they are supposed to do.”
Extra-role or out-of-role behaviors	5	“Yeah, but sure some people can walk over to the person that's calling with the problem and help them at their office. …even though we shouldn't because we have other personnel for doing the on-site and problem solving
Prioritizing tasks and projects that conflict with DT goals	5	“And of course, we feel pressure that we have to, you know, try to help them and launch the projects. So sometimes we launch projects that are not maybe … we’re not finished with the preparations”
Running shadow projects that conflict with or are not prioritized by DT departments	2	“We should not do this right now and so of course, it’s kind of easy for the organization that has the capacity to start this anyway and not ask us so that they do it anyway, because we if we had the capacity to handle each case rapidly and with good quality and actually be a good support, I think we would have more projects in the daylight.”
Challenging the status quo	2	“I was told that I had to sign it like handwriting, and I said no, no why do we have this? It's unnecessary administration <… > some people say that if you are employed within the government or within as I am in the municipality, you should just follow decisions that is like somebody has said to you. I say the opposite”

Source: Authors’ own creation