Table 1. Display of the aggregated...

Table 1.

Display of the aggregated dimensions, including first-order categories, second-order themes, accompanied with illustrative quotations

First-order categories	Second-order themes	Aggregated dimensions	Illustrative quoting
Sector inertia	Sector acts as a constrainer	External conflicts in pace	“The academic world and higher education institutions are far behind industry when it comes to digital transformation”
Lack of cooperation in the sector
Lack of sector standardization
Skills supply and market competition	The pressure is high		“But I understand that it [digital transformation] is a development that we cannot ignore”
Unstoppable innovation in technology
Global student mobility
Transition to digital format	Mostly technologies/business as usual	Internal conflicts in scope	“You take a book and put it in a scanner and then you have the same book but as a PDF file”
Restore after COVID-19
University as a physical place
We need to transform	More than technology/business renewal		“– What am I producing and how can I streamline and improve it so that I can start a greater value for my customers?”
Digital transformation strategy
Digitalization is an organizational change
Path dependencies in systems and skills	Lock in effects	Structural defense mechanism	“The faculty does not have digitization resources, we can make requests, but we cannot plan and carry out digital transformation”
Technical and supplier lock-in effects
Lack of systems and digital skills
lack of (IT) resources and funding
Organizational inertia	Laissez-faire governance		“Today, no one is in charge. No, I would say that no one dares to decide”
Lack of digital leadership
Lack of digital transformation governance
Lack of management decision-making
Lack of change pressure
High level of person dependence	Lack of collaboration	Cultural defense mechanism	“We are the same, we are basically the same organization, we are working toward the same thing really. Still, it is not being done, and I think that’s … It is bad for our students”
Lack of user representation/participation
Lack of group-company thinking
Lack of process thinking and vertical collaboration
Faculty-administration distancing
Lack of sponsorship for digitalization	Lack of motivation		“We are free researchers who like to have as much freedom as possible, and now we are going to have a system here that will standardize how we should work, so there is resistance there as well”
Resistance
Symbolic actions of change
Lack of change management
Lack of enacted digitalization

First-order categories	Second-order themes	Aggregated dimensions	Illustrative quoting
Sector inertia	Sector acts as a constrainer	External conflicts in pace	“The academic world and higher education institutions are far behind industry when it comes to digital transformation”
Lack of cooperation in the sector
Lack of sector standardization
Skills supply and market competition	The pressure is high		“But I understand that it [digital transformation] is a development that we cannot ignore”
Unstoppable innovation in technology
Global student mobility
Transition to digital format	Mostly technologies/business as usual	Internal conflicts in scope	“You take a book and put it in a scanner and then you have the same book but as a PDF file”
Restore after COVID-19
University as a physical place
We need to transform	More than technology/business renewal		“– What am I producing and how can I streamline and improve it so that I can start a greater value for my customers?”
Digital transformation strategy
Digitalization is an organizational change
Path dependencies in systems and skills	Lock in effects	Structural defense mechanism	“The faculty does not have digitization resources, we can make requests, but we cannot plan and carry out digital transformation”
Technical and supplier lock-in effects
Lack of systems and digital skills
lack of (IT) resources and funding
Organizational inertia	Laissez-faire governance		“Today, no one is in charge. No, I would say that no one dares to decide”
Lack of digital leadership
Lack of digital transformation governance
Lack of management decision-making
Lack of change pressure
High level of person dependence	Lack of collaboration	Cultural defense mechanism	“We are the same, we are basically the same organization, we are working toward the same thing really. Still, it is not being done, and I think that’s … It is bad for our students”
Lack of user representation/participation
Lack of group-company thinking
Lack of process thinking and vertical collaboration
Faculty-administration distancing
Lack of sponsorship for digitalization	Lack of motivation		“We are free researchers who like to have as much freedom as possible, and now we are going to have a system here that will standardize how we should work, so there is resistance there as well”
Resistance
Symbolic actions of change
Lack of change management
Lack of enacted digitalization

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