Table 3

Explaining ICity index

Eq. (1)Eq. (2)Eq. (3)Eq. (4)
CoefStd. ErrCoefStd. ErrCoefStd. ErrCoefStd. Err
Autonomy−12.173221.5512−7.476919.0724−10.237523.5376−2.267020.6390
Current_balance−36.4392†20.5316  −70.5423**20.7116  
Indebtedness  −18.1439***3.3830  −23.0509***3.5074
Strength−7.045843.2925−5.357838.417325.708346.807817.445841.2875
GDP101.1664***23.818990.5457***19.8599    
Education    0.42330.53870.9478*0.4632
Ideology1.61135.13162.71764.5097−0.00265.59491.35324.8815
Population28.6286***3.312130.0704***2.931734.3289***3.295734.9377***2.8977
Elderly0.54521.42080.84701.21961.62241.52412.13251.2738
_cons−11.2499***2.3064−10.7305***1.7825−2.1250*0.8168−3.2331***0.6003
Adj. R20.64220.72020.57410.2864
Het. TestProb > χ2 = 0.4021Prob > χ2 = 0.3670Prob > χ2 = 0.4283Prob > χ2 = 0.2154
Max. VIF value1.641.461.361.24

Note(s): (1) †, *, **, and *** represents statistical relevance at 90, 95, 99, and 99.9% of confidence level

(2) The dependent variable is ICity in all equations

Source(s): Authors’ own work

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