Factors influencing digital technology adoption by local governments for citizen collaboration
| Factors | Description | Reference(s) | Frequency |
|---|---|---|---|
| Technology | |||
| Perceived benefits | This describes the advantages or potentials of technology to an organisation if adopted | (Adnan et al., 2021; Hämäläinen, 2021; Jun and Weare, 2011; Sharif et al., 2015; Zhang and Xiao, 2017) | 5 |
| Technological compatibility | This refers to the degree to which a technology or innovation is compatible with an organisation's existing technological systems | (Adnan et al., 2021; Sharif et al., 2015) | 2 |
| Cost of technology | This refers to the cost of acquiring, adopting, or implementing a technology | (Babelon et al., 2017; Manoharan and Ingrams, 2018) | 2 |
| Technology complexity | This refers to the ease or difficulty of adopting, understanding and using technology | (Falco and Kleinhans, 2018; Hämäläinen, 2021; Major et al., 2021) | 3 |
| Security and privacy | This refers to the risks associated with using technology. This could include cyber-attacks and privacy exposure | (Babelon et al., 2017; Falco and Kleinhans, 2018; Gil-García and Pardo, 2005; Major et al., 2021; Manoharan and Ingrams, 2018; Sharif et al., 2015) | 6 |
| Technological resources | Technological resources refer to those resources needed to adopt or complement a technology. Examples include the internet, computer accessories and data storage systems | (Hämäläinen, 2021; Kamal et al., 2013) | 2 |
| Organisation | |||
| Technological competence | This describes the technological and IT skills and knowledge of personnel in the organisation | (Falco and Kleinhans, 2018; Gil-García and Pardo, 2005; Jans et al., 2016; Jun and Weare, 2011; Lidén, 2016; Manoharan and Ingrams, 2018; Zhang and Xiao, 2017) | 7 |
| Innovation adoption culture | This refers to organisational behaviour to adopt a technology. Organisations with a track record of technological adoption will likely adopt new technologies | (Adnan et al., 2021; Dembski et al., 2020; Hämäläinen, 2021; Mergel, 2018; Tejedo-Romero et al., 2022) | 5 |
| Financial resources | This refers to the financial strength and resources possessed by the organisation | (Babelon et al., 2017; Jans et al., 2016; Manoharan and Ingrams, 2018) | 3 |
| Top management support | This emphasises that technology adoption by a local government agency depends on the level of interest and support of top management, such as municipal or regional directors | (Adnan et al., 2021; Ahn, 2011; Falco and Kleinhans, 2018; Kamal et al., 2013; Lidén, 2016; Manoharan and Ingrams, 2018; Mergel, 2018; Sharif et al., 2015; Sønderskov, 2020; Zhang and Xiao, 2017; Zheng and Schachter, 2018) | 11 |
| Open to citizen participation | The assumption is that a local government agency open to citizen participation is likelier to adopt technologies that foster citizen-government collaboration | (Adnan et al., 2021; Babelon et al., 2017; Falco and Kleinhans, 2018; Mergel, 2018; Zheng and Schachter, 2018) | 4 |
| Environment | |||
| Policy and regulations | These refer to those policies or regulations that support or go against adopting certain technologies | (Adnan et al., 2021; Falco and Kleinhans, 2018; Gil-García and Pardo, 2005; Hämäläinen, 2021; Lidén, 2016; Mergel, 2018) | 6 |
| Political influence | This is the degree of political support for the adoption of the technology | (Adnan et al., 2021; Ahn, 2011; Gil-García and Pardo, 2005; Ho and Ni, 2004; Kamal et al., 2013; Lidén, 2016; Manoharan and Ingrams, 2018; Mergel, 2018; Savoldelli et al., 2014) | 9 |
| Governance structure | This refers to centralised and decentralised systems, power structure and the level of independence of the local government | (Adnan et al., 2021; Babelon et al., 2017; Mergel, 2018; Savoldelli et al., 2014) | 4 |
| Interorganisational factors | These refer to the collaboration of other institutions which work jointly with local government agencies or the influence of other municipalities | (Jun and Weare, 2011; Mergel, 2018) | 2 |
| Stakeholders | |||
| Citizen demand | This is the degree to which citizens require and influence the adoption of technologies. The assumption is that local governments will adopt a technology if it is a priority of the community | (Jun and Weare, 2011; Lidén, 2016; Sharif et al., 2015; Zhang and Xiao, 2017) | 4 |
| Population size | Collaborative tools are likely to be adopted in municipalities with large populations | (Lidén, 2016; Tejedo-Romero et al., 2022) | 2 |
| Community needs | The assumption is that local governments will adopt a particular technology if it responds to or solves a community need | (Dembski et al., 2020; Mergel, 2018) | 2 |
| Technological resources | These refer to those resources available to citizens that will facilitate the adoption of technologies for collaborative purposes. These include internet access, computers and mobile phones | (Falco and Kleinhans, 2018; Kamal et al., 2013) | 2 |
| Technological experience | Technological experience refers to the ability of citizens to understand and use digital technologies. This also refers to digital illiteracy and the digital divide | (Dembski et al., 2020; Falco and Kleinhans, 2018; Jun and Weare, 2011; Kamal et al., 2013; Manoharan and Ingrams, 2018) | 5 |
| Willingness to use | Adopting digital technology for collaborative purposes depends on whether citizens are willing to use the technology | (Dembski et al., 2020; Kamal et al., 2013; Mergel, 2018; Zhang and Xiao, 2017) | 4 |
| Factors | Description | Reference(s) | Frequency |
|---|---|---|---|
| Perceived benefits | This describes the advantages or potentials of technology to an organisation if adopted | ( | 5 |
| Technological compatibility | This refers to the degree to which a technology or innovation is compatible with an organisation's existing technological systems | ( | 2 |
| Cost of technology | This refers to the cost of acquiring, adopting, or implementing a technology | ( | 2 |
| Technology complexity | This refers to the ease or difficulty of adopting, understanding and using technology | ( | 3 |
| Security and privacy | This refers to the risks associated with using technology. This could include cyber-attacks and privacy exposure | ( | 6 |
| Technological resources | Technological resources refer to those resources needed to adopt or complement a technology. Examples include the internet, computer accessories and data storage systems | ( | 2 |
| Technological competence | This describes the technological and IT skills and knowledge of personnel in the organisation | ( | 7 |
| Innovation adoption culture | This refers to organisational behaviour to adopt a technology. Organisations with a track record of technological adoption will likely adopt new technologies | ( | 5 |
| Financial resources | This refers to the financial strength and resources possessed by the organisation | ( | 3 |
| Top management support | This emphasises that technology adoption by a local government agency depends on the level of interest and support of top management, such as municipal or regional directors | ( | 11 |
| Open to citizen participation | The assumption is that a local government agency open to citizen participation is likelier to adopt technologies that foster citizen-government collaboration | ( | 4 |
| Policy and regulations | These refer to those policies or regulations that support or go against adopting certain technologies | ( | 6 |
| Political influence | This is the degree of political support for the adoption of the technology | ( | 9 |
| Governance structure | This refers to centralised and decentralised systems, power structure and the level of independence of the local government | ( | 4 |
| Interorganisational factors | These refer to the collaboration of other institutions which work jointly with local government agencies or the influence of other municipalities | ( | 2 |
| Citizen demand | This is the degree to which citizens require and influence the adoption of technologies. The assumption is that local governments will adopt a technology if it is a priority of the community | ( | 4 |
| Population size | Collaborative tools are likely to be adopted in municipalities with large populations | ( | 2 |
| Community needs | The assumption is that local governments will adopt a particular technology if it responds to or solves a community need | ( | 2 |
| Technological resources | These refer to those resources available to citizens that will facilitate the adoption of technologies for collaborative purposes. These include internet access, computers and mobile phones | ( | 2 |
| Technological experience | Technological experience refers to the ability of citizens to understand and use digital technologies. This also refers to digital illiteracy and the digital divide | ( | 5 |
| Willingness to use | Adopting digital technology for collaborative purposes depends on whether citizens are willing to use the technology | ( | 4 |
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