Table 2. Parameters employed in each...

Table 2.

Parameters employed in each design approach

Design approach	Permanent floor load, G_k: kN/m²	Imposed floor load, Q_k: kN/m²^a	Partial factor for permanent loads, γ_G	Partial factor for imposed loads, γ_Q	Permanent load reduction factor, ξ	Imposed load combination factor, ψ	Target UR	Material strength: MPa
BS 449-2:1969: Optimal compliance	3.7–3.9^b	3.5^d	1.40^f	1.60^f	—	—	N/A^c	355^h
BS 5950-1:2000: Optimal compliance	3.7–3.9^b	3.5^d	1.40^f	1.60^f	—	—	1.0	355^h
EC: Omitting reduction/combination factors (ξ, ψ)	3.7–3.9^b	3.3^e	1.35^g	1.50^g	—	—	1.0	355^h
EC: Omitting imposed load reduction factors (α_a, α_n)	3.7–3.9^b	3.3^e	1.35^g	1.50^g	0.925^g	0.7^g	1.0	355^h
EC: Targeting UR = 0.8	3.7–3.9^b	3.3^e	1.35^g	1.50^g	0.925^g	0.7^g	0.80 ^j,k	355^h
EC: Using over-specified imposed loads	3.7–3.9^b	4.63ⁱ	1.35^g	1.50^g	0.925^g	0.7^g	1.0	355^h
EC: Optimal compliance	3.7–3.9^b	3.3^e	1.35^g	1.50^g	0.925^g	0.7^g	1.0	355^h

Design approach	Permanent floor load, G_k: kN/m²	Imposed floor load, Q_k: kN/m²^a	Partial factor for permanent loads, γ_G	Partial factor for imposed loads, γ_Q	Permanent load reduction factor, ξ	Imposed load combination factor, ψ	Target UR	Material strength: MPa
BS 449-2:1969: Optimal compliance	3.7–3.9^b	3.5^d	1.40^f	1.60^f	—	—	N/A^c	355^h
BS 5950-1:2000: Optimal compliance	3.7–3.9^b	3.5^d	1.40^f	1.60^f	—	—	1.0	355^h
EC: Omitting reduction/combination factors (ξ, ψ)	3.7–3.9^b	3.3^e	1.35^g	1.50^g	—	—	1.0	355^h
EC: Omitting imposed load reduction factors (α_a, α_n)	3.7–3.9^b	3.3^e	1.35^g	1.50^g	0.925^g	0.7^g	1.0	355^h
EC: Targeting UR = 0.8	3.7–3.9^b	3.3^e	1.35^g	1.50^g	0.925^g	0.7^g	0.80 ^j,k	355^h
EC: Using over-specified imposed loads	3.7–3.9^b	4.63ⁱ	1.35^g	1.50^g	0.925^g	0.7^g	1.0	355^h
EC: Optimal compliance	3.7–3.9^b	3.3^e	1.35^g	1.50^g	0.925^g	0.7^g	1.0	355^h

Additional imposed load of 0.6 kN/m² (BSI, 2008) is assumed to act at roof level

Comprising: steel self-weight (0.5 kN/m² per storey below seven storeys, 0.7 kN/m² per storey seven storeys and above) (SCI, 2008)

Target UR not applicable to the permissible stress approach employed in BS 449-2:1969 (BSI, 1969)

Comprising 2.5 kN/m² plus 1.0 kN/m² for moveable partitions (BSI, 1996)

Comprising 2.5 kN/m² plus 0.8 kN/m² for moveable partitions (BSI, 2002)

BSI (2001)

BSI (2011)

BSI (2005)

ⁱ

Orr and Drewniok (2018)

Orr (2018)

Orr et al. (2019)

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