Table A5.

Questionnaire items for all constructs: organizational learning, sustainable performance, distributed leadership

ConstructDimensionsItems
Organizational learningIndividual as an agent of OLEmployees who are more experienced are trainers and advisers to those who have less experienced
Workers spend time reflecting on everyday activities, solutions, mistakes and/or successes
The company uses a change of job positions to extend the skills of employees
An individual development plan is created for each employee in the company
Employees in our company are people with high aspirations
Employees at all levels are committed to improving the processes and/or products of the company
Employees systematically participate in formally organized training
Career plans for employees consider their individual needs and aspirations
Collective learningTeamwork is appreciated as a way to accomplish complex tasks
Teamwork is valued as a way of doing things that can lead to breakthrough ideas
A great emphasis in teams/groups is put on mutual learning
Employees take an active part in defining the common goals of the team (or another organizational unit)
Teamwork is appreciated as a way to build new solutions (changes in products/processes)
Employees actively seek knowledge and information outside their team (or another organizational unit)
Progress, results and errors are systematically jointly analyzed and discussed
Inter-functional teams (gathering employees from various departments) are often established in the company
Mutual trust dominates between employees
Inter-organizational learningEmployees from partner companies cooperate in joint projects
The flow of information between partner companies is intense
Intensive cooperation with clients is carried out
The company cooperates with universities, research institutes and non-governmental organizations
The company’s relations with the co-operators are characterized by partnership and not by domination or coercion
The company uses the services of other organizations to develop its own technology or specific products (e.g. hiring a laboratory to test the strength of a new product)
The company enters into cooperation with other organizations to gain access to resources or competences that it does not have and intends to develop (e.g. imitation of solutions developed by others, purchase of new technology)
The company cooperates with other organizations to develop new technologies and/or products with them (establishing cooperation allows for sharing risk, costs and/or combining competences)
Mutual trust dominates in relations with business partners
System thinkingThe employees have a sense of responsibility for the company’s results
The middle- and top-level managers ensure that individual units do not achieve their results at the expense of other parts of the company
Managers examine in detail the effects of their decisions not only in the short-but also in the long term
Managers examine in detail whether and what the consequences of their decisions (not only locally but also in other parts of the company) are
The company uses modeling and/or simulations as support for decision-making
The quality of decisions is assessed
Information system mobilizing developmentInformation flow on the supervisor-subordinate line is very intense and mutual
Organizational problems are freely discussed by employees from various positions and departments
Employees willingly use any IT tools available in the company (messengers, information systems such as ERP and databases)
The company extensively use early warning systems (which are designed to monitor internal processes and the environment)
The company’s reporting concerns not only financial matters but also the implementation of development goals
Employees quickly receive feedback about the results of their work
The usability of information systems used in the organization is high
The reliability of information systems used in the organization is high
The reliability of information included in information systems used in the organization is high
The reliability of support services available for information systems used in the organization is high
Distributed leadershipTransitivity of powerThe actual power in the enterprise depends primarily on the type of task and conditions of its implementation and not on the position held
Supportive behavior of managersRelationships between the superior and the subordinate are dominated by partnership, openness and mutual trust (not dominance, secretiveness and distrust)
Atmosphere in the superior-subordinate relationsManagers act as mentors, advisors and/or intellectual partners to their subordinates
Willingness of employees to assume the powerEmployees are ready to make their own decisions
Conjoint activityIn the company, pro-group activities are predominant, manifested by, among other things, orientation toward others, mutual help, interest in other people and involvement in group activities
A compromising and cooperative orientation predominates in the organization; the tendency toward confrontation, when justified, is adopted
A sense of common purpose prevails in the organization
Sustainable performanceEconomic performanceRevenues
Productivity (low costs)
Return on investment (ROI)
New products or services successfully launched
Environmental performanceEmissions, effluent and waste
Consumption of hazardous/harmful/toxic materials
Resources use (key materials/energy/water)
Environmental impacts of products/services sold
Impacts on biodiversity
Social performanceEmployees’ satisfaction
Health and safety occupational conditions
Customer satisfaction
Quality (reliability, diligence)
Participation in the development of healthy and livable communities
Fulfillment of social and environmental criteria by the company’s suppliers
Source: Authors’ own work

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