Development of the Eclectic Paradigm over time
| Year | Contribution | Development of the Eclectic Paradigm |
|---|---|---|
| Dunning (1980) | Proposed the OLI parameters Conducted empirical studies to test the eclectic paradigm: and evaluated O and L parameters | O: ownership advantages L: location advantages I: internalisation advantages |
| Dunning (1983) | Distinguished between the asset (Oa) and transaction (Ot) advantages of international companies | O: ownership advantages Oa: asset advantages Ot: transaction advantages |
| Dunning (1988) | Specified the eclectic paradigm in explaining three main forms of international manufacturing | The Eclectic Paradigm: MS: market-seeking production RS: resource-seeking production ES: efficiency-seeking production |
| Dunning (1998) | Enriched the eclectic paradigm by adding the strategic asset-seeking into variables that influence the production decision | The Eclectic Paradigm: MS: market-seeking FDI RS: resource-seeking FDI ES: efficiency-seeking FDI SAS: strategic asset-seeking FDI |
| Dunning (2000) | Compare eclectic paradigm with other international manufacturing theories | |
| Dunning (2001) | Present the development of the eclectic paradigm, answered three main criticisms |
| Year | Contribution | Development of the Eclectic Paradigm |
|---|---|---|
| Proposed the OLI parameters | O: ownership advantages | |
| Distinguished between the | O: ownership advantages | |
| Specified the eclectic paradigm in explaining three main forms of international manufacturing | The Eclectic Paradigm: | |
| Enriched the eclectic paradigm by adding the strategic asset-seeking into variables that influence the production decision | The Eclectic Paradigm: | |
| Compare eclectic paradigm with other international manufacturing theories | ||
| Present the development of the eclectic paradigm, answered three main criticisms |
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