Table 4

Confirmatory factor analysis of PtD practices

Prevention through designλZ-valueSig.R2
Design includes clear safety notes0.8958.785**0.802
Design eliminates working in confined space0.8828.590**0.778
Design considers safe movement of workers on site0.8788.530**0.771
Design specifies less maintenance materials0.8588.252**0.736
Design considers safety of the general public0.8498.126**0.721
Design considers offsite prefabrication of elements0.8458.076**0.715
Designing of structure to avoid risk from underground services0.8247.795**0.679
Design safety risk assessment is undertaken0.8217.751**0.674
Designing to avoid risk from overhead cables0.8097.598**0.655
Design to avoid hazards during construction0.7967.410**0.634
Design considers ease of construction0.7957.418**0.632
Design specifies easy to handle materials0.7877.312**0.619
Design eliminates working at heights0.7657.042**0.585
Design specifies non-hazardous materials0.7627.002**0.580

Note(s):**p-value sig. @95% confidence level, λ = standardized coefficient, R2 = coefficient of determination

Source(s): Author’s compilation (2024)

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