Effects of auditing complexity, auditor specialization and auditor opinion type
| Variables | (1) | (2) | (3) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Auditing complexity | Auditor specialization | Qualified opinion | ||||
| Coef. | t-statistic | Coef. | t-statistic | Coef. | t-statistic | |
| AUD_NAR | 0.092 | 0.420 | ||||
| INVREC | −1.371** | −2.040 | ||||
| INVREC × AUD_NAR | 0.031*** | 2.2720 | ||||
| AUD_NAR | 0.207*** | 2.830 | ||||
| AUD_SPEC | −1.279** | −2.080 | ||||
| AUD_SPEC × AUD_NAR | 0.013*** | 5.280 | ||||
| AUD_NAR | 0.195** | 2.240 | ||||
| AUD_OPINION | −0.106* | −1.68 | ||||
| AUD_NAR × AUD_OPINION | 1.967*** | 2.930 | ||||
| Intercept and controls | YES | YES | YES | |||
| FIRM FE | YES | YES | YES | |||
| YEAR FE | YES | YES | YES | |||
| AUDITOR FE | YES | YES | YES | |||
| Observations | 2,691 | 2,691 | 1,046 | |||
| Adj. R2 | 0.889 | 0.343 | 0.209 | |||
| Variables | (1) | (2) | (3) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Auditing complexity | Auditor specialization | Qualified opinion | ||||
| Coef. | Coef. | Coef. | ||||
| 0.092 | 0.420 | |||||
| −1.371 | −2.040 | |||||
| 0.031 | 2.2720 | |||||
| 0.207 | 2.830 | |||||
| −1.279 | −2.080 | |||||
| 0.013 | 5.280 | |||||
| 0.195 | 2.240 | |||||
| −0.106 | −1.68 | |||||
| 1.967 | 2.930 | |||||
| Intercept and controls | YES | YES | YES | |||
| FIRM FE | YES | YES | YES | |||
| YEAR FE | YES | YES | YES | |||
| AUDITOR FE | YES | YES | YES | |||
| Observations | 2,691 | 2,691 | 1,046 | |||
| Adj. | 0.889 | 0.343 | 0.209 | |||
Notes:
This table presents the OLS regression results examining the effects of auditing complexity, auditor specialization and the type of auditor opinion on audit outcomes. Each column reflects a different model specification. *, ** and ***denote statistical significance at the 10, 5 and 1% levels, respectively. Definitions of the variables are available in Appendix
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