Table 2.

Construct measurement summary

Item descriptionFactor loading
Ability to innovate, adapted from Enkel et al. (2017)  
Radical innovation 
 It is easy for us to take benefit of opportunities in new markets0.70
 It is easy for us to penetrate new markets aggressively0.87
 It is easy for us to learn new skills for the first time0.52
Incremental innovation 
 Focus on the efficiency of existing products/services0.52
 Focus on improving exiting knowledge, rather than new knowledge0.76
 Focus on solving problems with existing solutions, rather than new solutions0.84
 Focus on product/service development where we already have experience0.77
Potential absorptive capacity, adapted from Camisón and Forés (2010) and Enkel et al. (2017)  
 Acquisition 
 Ability to relevant external knowledge search0.74
 Ability to identify, study and consider sources0.84
 Ability to analyze and process relevant new external knowledge0.74
Assimilation 
 There are new ideas and concepts that are communicated openly0.60
 There is cross-unit/departmental support to solve problems0.81
 There are regular cross-unit meetings0.68
Realized Absorptive Capacity Adapted from (Camisón and Forés, 2010; Enkel et al., 2017) 
Transformation 
 Ability to connect existing knowledge with new knowledge0.71
 Ability to absorb new knowledge and make it available for further purposes0.60
 Ability to integrate new knowledge into tasks or works0.67
Exploitation 
 There is technology adoption with new knowledge on product/service0.76
 There is an increase in work effectiveness because of the adoption of new knowledge0.85
 There are financial benefits to the adoption of new knowledge0.72
Structural ambidexterity, adapted from O'Reilly III and Tushman (2007) and Venugopal et al. (2020)  
 TMT behavioral integration 
 A work system that encourages other team members to help manage their workload voluntarily, when other team members are busy0.83
 A work system encourages each team member to act flexibly in shifting responsibility to anyone to make work easier0.74
 A work system encourages each team member to be willing to help each other complete the work to meet deadlines0.65
Value-shared meaning 
 Everyone communicates openly the future of the business to everyone0.60
 Everyone is aware of the long-term plans and future direction of the business0.60
 Everyone feels a strong sense of start-up success0.61
 Everyone respects everyone's point of view0.62

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