Table 1.

Analytical framework for mapping the AECS business model

Business model elementsBusiness model sub elementsFrugal parameters
Value propositionAffordable eye care servicesLow-cost service delivery
High-quality treatmentEfficient resource utilisation
Comprehensive eye careTiered pricing for various services
Value creationHigh patient volumeOptimised facility utilisation
Efficient surgical proceduresMinimised material and equipment waste
In-house lens manufacturingCost-effective intraocular lenses
Value capturingCross-subsidisationSubsidised care for economically challenged
Tiered pricing strategyVariable pricing based on affordability
Supplementary revenue streamsProduct sales (lenses, pharmaceuticals)
Partnerships and grantsCollaborative funding for projects
Research fundingGrants and collaborations for research
Brand reputationPositive patient experiences
Patient referralsWord-of-mouth recommendations
Social enterprise modelRevenue generation aligned with the mission
Capacity utilisationEfficient resource allocation
Source: Saqib and Mathu (2024) 

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