Table 4. Separate associations between...

Table 4.

Separate associations between each independent variable and telework preference with “continue the same” as the reference category, adjusted for age, gender and education

Variable and categories	Decrease telework			Increase telework
Variable and categories	OR	95% CI	p (adj.)	OR	95% CI	p (adj.)
Amount of telework	1.23	0.98, 1.56	0.25	0.70	0.62, 0.79	<0.001
Workplace experiences
Access to quiet space^a
2	1.04	0.30, 3.63	0.96	0.34	0.18, 0.66	0.009
3	1.18	0.34, 4.13	0.91	0.18	0.09, 0.36	<0.001
Access to spaces for spontaneous discussions^a
2	0.43	0.12, 1.63	0.49	0.25	0.10, 0.63	0.016
3	0.58	0.16, 2.18	0.72	0.21	0.09, 0.53	0.007
Access to bookable meeting rooms^b
3	0.98	0.62, 1.56	0.96	1.23	0.83, 1.84	0.60
Ease of workspace-switching^c
2	1.98	0.25, 15.97	0.74	0.35	0.15, 0.79	0.05
3	1.14	0.14, 9.52	0.95	0.25	0.11, 0.58	0.009
4	2.04	0.26, 16.05	0.72	0.13	0.05, 0.29	<0.001
5	2.29	0.28, 18.89	0.72	0.19	0.08, 0.47	0.004
Person–environment fit^d
2	1.94	0.41, 9.20	0.72	0.74	0.34, 1.63	0.72
3	0.50	0.08, 2.89	0.72	0.34	0.14, 0.81	0.06
4	1.52	0.34, 6.74	0.77	0.34	0.16, 0.72	0.02
5	2.24	0.50, 10.09	0.60	0.26	0.12, 0.59	0.009
Support for interaction^d
2	0.41	0.11, 1.48	0.42	1.19	0.35, 4.00	0.91
3	0.82	0.25, 2.69	0.89	0.99	0.30, 3.29	0.98
4	0.47	0.15, 1.52	0.48	0.87	0.27, 2.84	0.91
5	0.50	0.14, 1.72	0.59	0.68	0.20, 2.33	0.76
Availability of colleagues^d
2	0.46	0.16, 1.35	0.41	1.06	0.35, 3.20	0.95
3	0.49	0.17, 1.38	0.42	0.59	0.19, 1.79	0.66
4	0.36	0.13, 1.01	0.18	0.80	0.28, 2.32	0.87
5	0.40	0.13, 1.21	0.30	0.88	0.29, 2.67	0.91
Being able to detach oneself from work in break room^d
2	1.43	0.45, 4.57	0.76	0.42	0.21, 0.85	0.06
3	0.82	0.24, 2.76	0.89	0.32	0.16, 0.66	0.01
4	1.11	0.37, 3.39	0.92	0.25	0.13, 0.47	<0.001
5	1.57	0.50, 4.89	0.72	0.26	0.12, 0.52	0.002
Furniture ergonomics and comfort^d
2	0.84	0.08, 8.82	0.95	0.88	0.31, 2.50	0.91
3	2.18	0.26, 18.22	0.72	0.61	0.22, 1.67	0.66
4	2.04	0.26, 16.03	0.72	0.37	0.14, 0.95	0.14
5	2.22	0.28, 17.68	0.72	0.39	0.15, 1.02	0.18
Sufficient space to work^b,d
3	0.53	0.16, 1.76	0.60	0.41	0.22, 0.77	0.024
4	1.42	0.60, 3.32	0.72	0.29	0.17, 0.48	<0.001
5	1.42	0.60, 3.35	0.72	0.21	0.12, 0.37	<0.001
Sufficient storage space^d
2	0.57	0.17, 1.86	0.66	0.60	0.29, 1.25	0.42
3	1.06	0.35, 3.22	0.95	0.60	0.28, 1.27	0.43
4	1.19	0.43, 3.26	0.89	0.36	0.18, 0.73	0.022
5	1.12	0.40, 3.09	0.91	0.29	0.15, 0.60	0.006
Satisfaction with cleanliness^d
2	0.56	0.04, 7.59	0.86	0.60	0.09, 3.90	0.78
3	0.68	0.07, 6.69	0.89	0.54	0.10, 3.05	0.72
4	0.68	0.08, 6.01	0.89	0.61	0.12, 3.18	0.76
5	0.79	0.09, 6.93	0.91	0.49	0.09, 2.56	0.72
Task privacy^e	1.36	1.15, 1.62	0.004	0.69	0.61, 0.79	<0.001
Psychosocial factors
Participatory safety^e	0.86	0.65, 1.14	0.60	0.85	0.68, 1.06	0.40
Support for innovation^e	0.79	0.61, 1.02	0.24	0.83	0.67, 1.02	0.25
Vision^e	0.98	0.67, 1.43	0.95	0.91	0.67, 1.25	0.77
Task orientation^e	0.94	0.70, 1.26	0.86	0.83	0.65, 1.06	0.35
Relational justice^e	1.62	1.11, 2.35	0.050	0.70	0.56, 0.88	0.01
Job demands^f	0.91	0.70, 1.18	0.72	0.96	0.77, 1.21	0.89
Effort-reward imbalance^f	0.77	0.40, 1.48	0.72	2.10	1.42, 3.12	0.002
Employee well-being
Work ability^e	1.45	0.90, 2.34	0.35	1.26	0.84, 1.89	0.57
Work engagement^e	0.93	0.77, 1.13	0.72	0.84	0.73, 0.97	0.06
Burnout^f	1.44	0.95, 2.18	0.26	1.42	1.02, 1.97	0.14

Variable and categories	Decrease telework			Increase telework
Variable and categories	OR	95% CI	p (adj.)	OR	95% CI	p (adj.)
Amount of telework	1.23	0.98, 1.56	0.25	0.70	0.62, 0.79	<0.001
Workplace experiences
Access to quiet space^a
2	1.04	0.30, 3.63	0.96	0.34	0.18, 0.66	0.009
3	1.18	0.34, 4.13	0.91	0.18	0.09, 0.36	<0.001
Access to spaces for spontaneous discussions^a
2	0.43	0.12, 1.63	0.49	0.25	0.10, 0.63	0.016
3	0.58	0.16, 2.18	0.72	0.21	0.09, 0.53	0.007
Access to bookable meeting rooms^b
3	0.98	0.62, 1.56	0.96	1.23	0.83, 1.84	0.60
Ease of workspace-switching^c
2	1.98	0.25, 15.97	0.74	0.35	0.15, 0.79	0.05
3	1.14	0.14, 9.52	0.95	0.25	0.11, 0.58	0.009
4	2.04	0.26, 16.05	0.72	0.13	0.05, 0.29	<0.001
5	2.29	0.28, 18.89	0.72	0.19	0.08, 0.47	0.004
Person–environment fit^d
2	1.94	0.41, 9.20	0.72	0.74	0.34, 1.63	0.72
3	0.50	0.08, 2.89	0.72	0.34	0.14, 0.81	0.06
4	1.52	0.34, 6.74	0.77	0.34	0.16, 0.72	0.02
5	2.24	0.50, 10.09	0.60	0.26	0.12, 0.59	0.009
Support for interaction^d
2	0.41	0.11, 1.48	0.42	1.19	0.35, 4.00	0.91
3	0.82	0.25, 2.69	0.89	0.99	0.30, 3.29	0.98
4	0.47	0.15, 1.52	0.48	0.87	0.27, 2.84	0.91
5	0.50	0.14, 1.72	0.59	0.68	0.20, 2.33	0.76
Availability of colleagues^d
2	0.46	0.16, 1.35	0.41	1.06	0.35, 3.20	0.95
3	0.49	0.17, 1.38	0.42	0.59	0.19, 1.79	0.66
4	0.36	0.13, 1.01	0.18	0.80	0.28, 2.32	0.87
5	0.40	0.13, 1.21	0.30	0.88	0.29, 2.67	0.91
Being able to detach oneself from work in break room^d
2	1.43	0.45, 4.57	0.76	0.42	0.21, 0.85	0.06
3	0.82	0.24, 2.76	0.89	0.32	0.16, 0.66	0.01
4	1.11	0.37, 3.39	0.92	0.25	0.13, 0.47	<0.001
5	1.57	0.50, 4.89	0.72	0.26	0.12, 0.52	0.002
Furniture ergonomics and comfort^d
2	0.84	0.08, 8.82	0.95	0.88	0.31, 2.50	0.91
3	2.18	0.26, 18.22	0.72	0.61	0.22, 1.67	0.66
4	2.04	0.26, 16.03	0.72	0.37	0.14, 0.95	0.14
5	2.22	0.28, 17.68	0.72	0.39	0.15, 1.02	0.18
Sufficient space to work^b,d
3	0.53	0.16, 1.76	0.60	0.41	0.22, 0.77	0.024
4	1.42	0.60, 3.32	0.72	0.29	0.17, 0.48	<0.001
5	1.42	0.60, 3.35	0.72	0.21	0.12, 0.37	<0.001
Sufficient storage space^d
2	0.57	0.17, 1.86	0.66	0.60	0.29, 1.25	0.42
3	1.06	0.35, 3.22	0.95	0.60	0.28, 1.27	0.43
4	1.19	0.43, 3.26	0.89	0.36	0.18, 0.73	0.022
5	1.12	0.40, 3.09	0.91	0.29	0.15, 0.60	0.006
Satisfaction with cleanliness^d
2	0.56	0.04, 7.59	0.86	0.60	0.09, 3.90	0.78
3	0.68	0.07, 6.69	0.89	0.54	0.10, 3.05	0.72
4	0.68	0.08, 6.01	0.89	0.61	0.12, 3.18	0.76
5	0.79	0.09, 6.93	0.91	0.49	0.09, 2.56	0.72
Task privacy^e	1.36	1.15, 1.62	0.004	0.69	0.61, 0.79	<0.001
Psychosocial factors
Participatory safety^e	0.86	0.65, 1.14	0.60	0.85	0.68, 1.06	0.40
Support for innovation^e	0.79	0.61, 1.02	0.24	0.83	0.67, 1.02	0.25
Vision^e	0.98	0.67, 1.43	0.95	0.91	0.67, 1.25	0.77
Task orientation^e	0.94	0.70, 1.26	0.86	0.83	0.65, 1.06	0.35
Relational justice^e	1.62	1.11, 2.35	0.050	0.70	0.56, 0.88	0.01
Job demands^f	0.91	0.70, 1.18	0.72	0.96	0.77, 1.21	0.89
Effort-reward imbalance^f	0.77	0.40, 1.48	0.72	2.10	1.42, 3.12	0.002
Employee well-being
Work ability^e	1.45	0.90, 2.34	0.35	1.26	0.84, 1.89	0.57
Work engagement^e	0.93	0.77, 1.13	0.72	0.84	0.73, 0.97	0.06
Burnout^f	1.44	0.95, 2.18	0.26	1.42	1.02, 1.97	0.14

Notes:

^aScale: 1 No = not at all (ref.), 3 Yes; sufficient; ^bCategories 1–2 were combined (ref.) due to a low number of responses; ^cScale: 1 Very difficult (ref.), 5 Very easy; ^dScale: 1 Strongly disagree (ref.), 5 Strongly agree; ^eHigher scores indicate more positive perception; ^fHigher scores indicate more negative perception; OR = odds ratio; adj. = adjusted using the Benjamini–Hochberg procedure; Statistically significant findings (p < 0.05) are italics

Source: Authors’ own work

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