Panel Granger causality analysis for ROADV and ROI
| ROADV | ROI | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Null hypothesis: | Obs | Lags | F-statistic | Prob. | Null hypothesis: | Obs | Lags | F-statistic | Prob. |
| CDR ROADV | 650 | 2 | 7.44 | 0.00 | CDR ROI | 650 | 2 | 1.56 | 0.21 |
| ROADV CDR | 0.92 | 0.40 | ROI CDR | 3.91 | 0.02 | ||||
| RD ROADV | 650 | 2 | 12.15 | 0.00 | RD ROI | 650 | 2 | 0.60 | 0.55 |
| ROADV RD | 4.01 | 0.02 | ROI RD | 1.18 | 0.31 | ||||
| PSR ROADV | 650 | 2 | 3.25 | 0.04 | PSR ROI | 650 | 2 | 7.58 | 0.00 |
| ROADV PSR | 4.29 | 0.01 | ROI PSR | 1.89 | 0.15 | ||||
| CAR ROADV | 650 | 2 | 4.50 | 0.01 | CAR ROI | 650 | 2 | 8.62 | 0.00 |
| ROADV CAR | 1.71 | 0.18 | ROI CAR | 1.91 | 0.15 | ||||
| NITA ROADV | 650 | 2 | 12.48 | 0.00 | NITA ROI | 650 | 2 | 2.67 | 0.07 |
| ROADV NITA | 18.11 | 0.00 | ROI NITA | 1.80 | 0.17 | ||||
| OICTA ROADV | 650 | 2 | 9.44 | 0.00 | OICTA ROI | 650 | 2 | 6.13 | 0.00 |
| ROADV OICTA | 3.80 | 0.02 | ROI OICTA | 0.91 | 0.40 | ||||
| OPPTA ROADV | 650 | 2 | 13.63 | 0.00 | OPPTA ROI | 650 | 2 | 1.84 | 0.16 |
| ROADV OPPTA | 21.65 | 0.00 | ROI OPPTA | 0.23 | 0.79 | ||||
| GDPGR ROADV | 650 | 2 | 44.54 | 0.00 | GDPGR ROI | 650 | 2 | 19.86 | 0.00 |
| ROADV GDPGR | 6.15 | 0.00 | ROI GDPGR | 0.13 | 0.87 | ||||
| INFL ROADV | 650 | 2 | 6.64 | 0.00 | INFL ROI | 650 | 2 | 37.64 | 0.00 |
| ROADV INFL | 22.45 | 0.00 | ROI INFL | 4.28 | 0.01 | ||||
| CRR ROADV | 650 | 2 | 19.20 | 0.00 | CRR ROI | 650 | 2 | 37.42 | 0.00 |
| ROADV CRR | 6.35 | 0.00 | ROI CRR | 9.36 | 0.00 | ||||
| SLR ROADV | 585 | 2 | 12.30 | 0.00 | SLR ROI | 585 | 2 | 10.51 | 0.00 |
| ROADV DSLR | 2.85 | 0.06 | ROI DSLR | 3.70 | 0.03 | ||||
| RR ROADV | 650 | 2 | 6.22 | 0.00 | RR ROI | 650 | 2 | 54.33 | 0.00 |
| ROADV RR | 12.43 | 0.00 | ROI RR | 4.09 | 0.02 | ||||
| BR ROADV | 585 | 2 | 2.37 | 0.09 | BR ROI | 585 | 2 | 0.23 | 0.79 |
| ROADV DBR | 5.21 | 0.01 | ROI DBR | 29.16 | 0.00 | ||||
| TBR ROADV | 650 | 2 | 22.43 | 0.00 | TBR ROI | 650 | 2 | 42.94 | 0.00 |
| ROADV TBR | 24.10 | 0.00 | ROI TBR | 0.66 | 0.52 | ||||
| ROADV | ROI | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Null hypothesis: | Obs | Lags | Prob. | Null hypothesis: | Obs | Lags | Prob. | ||
| CDR | 650 | 2 | 7.44 | 0.00 | CDR | 650 | 2 | 1.56 | 0.21 |
| ROADV | 0.92 | 0.40 | ROI | 3.91 | 0.02 | ||||
| RD | 650 | 2 | 12.15 | 0.00 | RD | 650 | 2 | 0.60 | 0.55 |
| ROADV | 4.01 | 0.02 | ROI | 1.18 | 0.31 | ||||
| PSR | 650 | 2 | 3.25 | 0.04 | PSR | 650 | 2 | 7.58 | 0.00 |
| ROADV | 4.29 | 0.01 | ROI | 1.89 | 0.15 | ||||
| CAR | 650 | 2 | 4.50 | 0.01 | CAR | 650 | 2 | 8.62 | 0.00 |
| ROADV | 1.71 | 0.18 | ROI | 1.91 | 0.15 | ||||
| NITA | 650 | 2 | 12.48 | 0.00 | NITA | 650 | 2 | 2.67 | 0.07 |
| ROADV | 18.11 | 0.00 | ROI | 1.80 | 0.17 | ||||
| OICTA | 650 | 2 | 9.44 | 0.00 | OICTA | 650 | 2 | 6.13 | 0.00 |
| ROADV | 3.80 | 0.02 | ROI | 0.91 | 0.40 | ||||
| OPPTA | 650 | 2 | 13.63 | 0.00 | OPPTA | 650 | 2 | 1.84 | 0.16 |
| ROADV | 21.65 | 0.00 | ROI | 0.23 | 0.79 | ||||
| GDPGR | 650 | 2 | 44.54 | 0.00 | GDPGR | 650 | 2 | 19.86 | 0.00 |
| ROADV | 6.15 | 0.00 | ROI | 0.13 | 0.87 | ||||
| INFL | 650 | 2 | 6.64 | 0.00 | INFL | 650 | 2 | 37.64 | 0.00 |
| ROADV | 22.45 | 0.00 | ROI | 4.28 | 0.01 | ||||
| CRR | 650 | 2 | 19.20 | 0.00 | CRR | 650 | 2 | 37.42 | 0.00 |
| ROADV | 6.35 | 0.00 | ROI | 9.36 | 0.00 | ||||
| SLR | 585 | 2 | 12.30 | 0.00 | SLR | 585 | 2 | 10.51 | 0.00 |
| ROADV | 2.85 | 0.06 | ROI | 3.70 | 0.03 | ||||
| RR | 650 | 2 | 6.22 | 0.00 | RR | 650 | 2 | 54.33 | 0.00 |
| ROADV | 12.43 | 0.00 | ROI | 4.09 | 0.02 | ||||
| BR | 585 | 2 | 2.37 | 0.09 | BR | 585 | 2 | 0.23 | 0.79 |
| ROADV | 5.21 | 0.01 | ROI | 29.16 | 0.00 | ||||
| TBR | 650 | 2 | 22.43 | 0.00 | TBR | 650 | 2 | 42.94 | 0.00 |
| ROADV | 24.10 | 0.00 | ROI | 0.66 | 0.52 | ||||
Source(s): Authors’ own calculations
Sharing content requires targeting cookies to be enabled. Please update your cookie preferences to use this feature.