Table 1 Variable measurements Variable... | Emerald Publishing

Table 1

Variable measurements

Variable	Symbol	Measure
Dependent
Firm performance	Y	Deflated last fiscal year sales values
Independent
Training	X	(%) of employees who received training for the past two years by the time the survey was conducted
Moderating
Firm training needs	W	Composite score from the dummy five responses of questions: any difficulties on - maintaining production levels according to demand - maintaining consistency quality - implementing new technologies or improving production processes - developing new products and - effective sales and marketing
Mediating
Employees skills	M	The rate was in three-Likert scale: below required (1), as required (2) and above required (3) - Three perceived most important skills (interpersonal communication skills, technical skills and work ethics) were used as parallel mediators
Control
Firm size	SizeDummy	Dummy: ≤ 20 employees (1), >20 employees (0)
Firm sector	SectorDummy	Dummy: Manufacturing (1), Non-manufacturing (0)

Variable	Symbol	Measure
Dependent
Firm performance	Y	Deflated last fiscal year sales values
Independent
Training	X	(%) of employees who received training for the past two years by the time the survey was conducted
Moderating
Firm training needs	W	Composite score from the dummy five responses of questions: any difficulties on- maintaining production levels according to demand - maintaining consistency quality - implementing new technologies or improving production processes - developing new products and - effective sales and marketing
Mediating
Employees skills	M	The rate was in three-Likert scale: below required (1), as required (2) and above required (3)- Three perceived most important skills (interpersonal communication skills, technical skills and work ethics) were used as parallel mediators
Control
Firm size	SizeDummy	Dummy: ≤ 20 employees (1), >20 employees (0)
Firm sector	SectorDummy	Dummy: Manufacturing (1), Non-manufacturing (0)

Source(s): Created by authors