Table 2.

Leadership competencies in the era of AI by rate of occurrence

SourceCompetencies
Personality traitsSkills
AdaptivenessAgilityAwarenessCreativityDecisivenessEmpathyEngagementFlexibilitySelf-awarenessSituational understandingSolution
orientation		VisionarinessCollaboratingCommunicationDisciplineDelegatingEmpowermentExecutingLiaisonListeningMotivationPeople managingTechnical understandingFollower valuation
Bersin (2018)XX  X       XX XX       
Chamorro-Premuzic et al. (2018) XXXX  XX   XXXX   X     
Cortellazzo et al. (2019)X XXX    XXXXX  X XXX X 
De Cremer (2019) X XXX X    X          X
Dewhurst and Willmott (2014)  XX      X  X  XX  X   
Du et al. (2023)  X X     X X   X   X X 
Gilli et al. (2023)X X XX      X   X   X X 
Gonciarski and Switkowaski (2018) X X       XX   X  X  X 
Kolbjørnsrud et al. (2016)   XXX      XX  XXX     
Larjovuori et al. (2018)XX X     X XX   XXX X   
Moldenhauer and Londt (2018)X XXXX XX X X       XXXX
Pearce (2018)   XXX     XX   X    XXX
Petrucci and Rivera (2018)XX         XXX  XX      
Pfeifer et al. (2022)X   X       X   X     X 
Reynolds (2018)XXX   X  XXXX   XX  X   
Sejera and Bocarnea (2022)          XX X  X   X   
Sposato (2024) X  X      XXX  X X  XX 
Total references987910523136915811145518383
Source: Authors’ own creation
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