Table 3.

Key characteristics associated with Frugal innovation

ReferenceGood-enoughAffordableResource constraint contextCost effectiveEase of useFunctionalFocus on essential functionsMinimal resource useLow costRobustAdequate value and qualitySufficient levelLocal resource useSubstantial cost reductionOptimized performanceVaried actors and motivationsEliminate unnecessary featuresLow-income end userEasy maintenanceLocal partnersSustainabilityAdaptabilityAccessibilitySimplicityContext appropriateBricolage
Agarwal et al. (2017) XXXXX                     
Rosca et al. (2018)  XXXXXXXXXX               
Pisoni et al. (2018)  XXXX XXX XXXXXX          
Hossain (2018)  XXX X XX  XX  XXXXX      
Santos et al. (2020)  XX   X X X         X     
Hindocha et al. (2021) XXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXX  XXXX  
Niroumand et al. (2021)  XX   X   X  XX           
Dabić et al. (2022)  X  X     X         X  X  
De Marchi et al. (2022)  XXXXXXX XX  XXXXX   XXXX 
Sarkar and Mateus (2022)  XXXXXX  XX X XXX   XX XXX
Source(s): Compiled by authors based on cited sources
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