Table A3.

Sources of institutional order – Barilla during Grace’s ownership

Institutional orders
CategoriesFamilyCommunityReligionStateMarketProfessionCorporation
Root metaphorFamily as firmCommon boundaryTemple as bankState as redistribution mechanismTransactionProfession as relation networkCorporation as hierarchy
Sources of legitimacyUnconditional loyaltyUnity of will belief in trust and reciprocityImportance of faith and sacredness in economy and societyDemocratic participationShare pricePersonal expertiseMarket position of firm
Sources of authorityPatriarchal dominationCommitment to community values and ideologyPriesthood charismaBureaucratic dominationShareholder activismProfessional associationBoard of directors, top management
Sources of identityFamily reputationShared emotional connectionAssociation with deitiesSocial and economic classFacelessAssociation with quality of craftBureaucratic roles
Basis of normsMembership in householdGroup membershipMembership in congregationCitizenship in nationSelf-interestMembership in guild is associationEmployment in firm
Basis of attentionStatus in householdPersonal investment in groupRelation to supernationalStatus of interest groupStatus in marketStatus in professionStatus in hierarchy
Basis of strategyIncrease family honorIncrease status and honor of members and practicesIncrease religious symbolism of natural eventsIncrease community goodIncrease efficiency, profitIncrease personal reputationIncrease size and diversification of firm
Economic systemFamily capitalismCooperative capitalismOccidental capitalismWelfare capitalismMarket capitalismPersonal capitalismManagerial capitalism

Note(s): strikethrough = logic less or not prevalent; italic = similar to pre-Grace ownership; italic and shaded – new or more prevalent logic

Source(s): Authors’ own work
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