Table 1

Demographic characteristics (N = 5,501)

CharacteristicsFrequencyPercent
GenderMale1,54528.09
Female3,92972.42
Others270.49
Age groups (year old)10s (10–19)84215.31
20s (20–29)1,46326.6
30s (30–39)1,47926.89
40s (40–49)1,18721.58
50s (50–59)5019.11
60s (over 60)290.53
QualificationUndergraduate1,15320.96
Bachelor’s degree3,45362.77
Master’s degree87415.89
Doctoral degree210.38
OccupationStudent1,67330.41
Graduate student1382.51
Government/state enterprises employees1,04218.94
Teacher/educator2,52945.97
Private employee671.22
Entrepreneur130.24
Unemployed390.71
SDCS levelLower (experimental group)1,46526.63
Upper (control group)4,03673.37

Source(s): Authors’ own work

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