Demographic characteristics (N = 5,501)
| Characteristics | Frequency | Percent | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | Male | 1,545 | 28.09 |
| Female | 3,929 | 72.42 | |
| Others | 27 | 0.49 | |
| Age groups (year old) | 10s (10–19) | 842 | 15.31 |
| 20s (20–29) | 1,463 | 26.6 | |
| 30s (30–39) | 1,479 | 26.89 | |
| 40s (40–49) | 1,187 | 21.58 | |
| 50s (50–59) | 501 | 9.11 | |
| 60s (over 60) | 29 | 0.53 | |
| Qualification | Undergraduate | 1,153 | 20.96 |
| Bachelor’s degree | 3,453 | 62.77 | |
| Master’s degree | 874 | 15.89 | |
| Doctoral degree | 21 | 0.38 | |
| Occupation | Student | 1,673 | 30.41 |
| Graduate student | 138 | 2.51 | |
| Government/state enterprises employees | 1,042 | 18.94 | |
| Teacher/educator | 2,529 | 45.97 | |
| Private employee | 67 | 1.22 | |
| Entrepreneur | 13 | 0.24 | |
| Unemployed | 39 | 0.71 | |
| SDCS level | Lower (experimental group) | 1,465 | 26.63 |
| Upper (control group) | 4,036 | 73.37 | |
| Characteristics | Frequency | Percent | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | Male | 1,545 | 28.09 |
| Female | 3,929 | 72.42 | |
| Others | 27 | 0.49 | |
| Age groups (year old) | 10s (10–19) | 842 | 15.31 |
| 20s (20–29) | 1,463 | 26.6 | |
| 30s (30–39) | 1,479 | 26.89 | |
| 40s (40–49) | 1,187 | 21.58 | |
| 50s (50–59) | 501 | 9.11 | |
| 60s (over 60) | 29 | 0.53 | |
| Qualification | Undergraduate | 1,153 | 20.96 |
| Bachelor’s degree | 3,453 | 62.77 | |
| Master’s degree | 874 | 15.89 | |
| Doctoral degree | 21 | 0.38 | |
| Occupation | Student | 1,673 | 30.41 |
| Graduate student | 138 | 2.51 | |
| Government/state enterprises employees | 1,042 | 18.94 | |
| Teacher/educator | 2,529 | 45.97 | |
| Private employee | 67 | 1.22 | |
| Entrepreneur | 13 | 0.24 | |
| Unemployed | 39 | 0.71 | |
| SDCS level | Lower (experimental group) | 1,465 | 26.63 |
| Upper (control group) | 4,036 | 73.37 | |
Source(s): Authors’ own work
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