Intention to change travel behaviour
| AD 2019 | AD 2021 | CA 2019 | CA 2021 | ET 2019 | ET 2021 | HE 2019 | HE 2021 | BE 2019 | BE 2021 | NA 2019 | NA 2021 | SI 2019 | SI 2021 | LU 2019 | LU 2021 | CI 2019 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adventure (AD) 2019 | 1 | ||||||||||||||||
| Adventure (AD) 2021 | 0.691** | 1 | |||||||||||||||
| Camping (CA) 2019 | 0.406** | 0.256** | 1 | ||||||||||||||
| Camping (CA) 2021 | 0.285** | 0.265** | 0.700** | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Ethnotourism (ET) 2019 | 0.280** | 0.198* | 0.282** | 0.209** | 1 | ||||||||||||
| Ethnotourism (ET) 2021 | 0.265** | 0.368** | 0.228** | 0.297** | 0.593** | 1 | |||||||||||
| Heritage (HE) 2019 | 0.131 | 0.1 | 0.039 | −0.099 | 0.320** | 0.221** | 1 | ||||||||||
| Heritage (HE) 2019 | −0.02 | 0.065 | −0.161* | −0.175* | 0.136 | 0.264** | 0.597** | 1 | |||||||||
| Beach (BE) (2019) | −0.017 | −0.048 | 0.01 | 0.031 | −0.136 | −0.200* | −0.004 | −0.015 | 1 | ||||||||
| Beach (BE) 2021 | −0.026 | −0.061 | −0.042 | 0.011 | −0.268** | −0.238** | −0.062 | 0.033 | 0.713** | 1 | |||||||
| Nature (NA), 2019 | 0.417** | 0.273** | 0.497** | 0.320** | 0.303** | 0.156 | 0.208** | 0.008 | −0.207** | −0.156 | 1 | ||||||
| Nature (NA), 2021 | 0.270** | 0.276** | 0.265** | 0.338** | 0.142 | 0.13 | 0.111 | 0.199* | −0.183* | −0.1 | 0.693** | 1 | |||||
| Sights (SI) 2019 | −0.088 | −0.089 | −0.180* | −0.269** | 0.186* | 0.091 | 0.762** | 0.612** | 0.162* | 0.05 | −0.113 | −0.135 | 1 | ||||
| Sights (SI) 2021 | −0.121 | −0.063 | −0.243** | −0.315** | 0.051 | 0.086 | 0.427** | 0.716** | 0.196* | 0.184* | −0.196* | 0.004 | 0.651** | 1 | |||
| Luxury (LU) 2019 | −0.006 | −0.112 | −0.049 | −0.131 | −0.199* | −0.183* | 0.05 | 0.083 | 0.588** | 0.358** | −0.199* | −0.186* | 0.171* | 0.197* | 1 | ||
| Luxury (LU) 2021 | −0.07 | −0.075 | −0.171* | −0.213** | −0.332** | −0.248** | −0.062 | 0.088 | 0.513** | 0.492** | −0.279** | −0.233** | 0.098 | 0.262** | 0.697** | 1 | |
| Citytourism (CI) 2019 | −0.149 | −0.198* | −0.215** | −0.271** | 0.101 | −0.02 | 0.518** | 0.432** | 0.273** | 0.179* | −0.195* | −0.152 | 0.738** | 0.602** | 0.324** | 0.235** | 1 |
| Citytourism (CI) 2021 | −0.101 | −0.098 | −0.236** | −0.200* | −0.062 | 0 | 0.193* | 0.443** | 0.258** | 0.292** | −0.297** | −0.166* | 0.394** | 0.671** | 0.319** | 0.451** | 0.621** |
| Source(s): Table by authors | |||||||||||||||||
| AD 2019 | AD 2021 | CA 2019 | CA 2021 | ET 2019 | ET 2021 | HE 2019 | HE 2021 | BE 2019 | BE 2021 | NA 2019 | NA 2021 | SI 2019 | SI 2021 | LU 2019 | LU 2021 | CI 2019 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adventure (AD) 2019 | 1 | ||||||||||||||||
| Adventure (AD) 2021 | 0.691** | 1 | |||||||||||||||
| Camping (CA) 2019 | 0.406** | 0.256** | 1 | ||||||||||||||
| Camping (CA) 2021 | 0.285** | 0.265** | 0.700** | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Ethnotourism (ET) 2019 | 0.280** | 0.198* | 0.282** | 0.209** | 1 | ||||||||||||
| Ethnotourism (ET) 2021 | 0.265** | 0.368** | 0.228** | 0.297** | 0.593** | 1 | |||||||||||
| Heritage (HE) 2019 | 0.131 | 0.1 | 0.039 | −0.099 | 0.320** | 0.221** | 1 | ||||||||||
| Heritage (HE) 2019 | −0.02 | 0.065 | −0.161* | −0.175* | 0.136 | 0.264** | 0.597** | 1 | |||||||||
| Beach (BE) (2019) | −0.017 | −0.048 | 0.01 | 0.031 | −0.136 | −0.200* | −0.004 | −0.015 | 1 | ||||||||
| Beach (BE) 2021 | −0.026 | −0.061 | −0.042 | 0.011 | −0.268** | −0.238** | −0.062 | 0.033 | 0.713** | 1 | |||||||
| Nature (NA), 2019 | 0.417** | 0.273** | 0.497** | 0.320** | 0.303** | 0.156 | 0.208** | 0.008 | −0.207** | −0.156 | 1 | ||||||
| Nature (NA), 2021 | 0.270** | 0.276** | 0.265** | 0.338** | 0.142 | 0.13 | 0.111 | 0.199* | −0.183* | −0.1 | 0.693** | 1 | |||||
| Sights (SI) 2019 | −0.088 | −0.089 | −0.180* | −0.269** | 0.186* | 0.091 | 0.762** | 0.612** | 0.162* | 0.05 | −0.113 | −0.135 | 1 | ||||
| Sights (SI) 2021 | −0.121 | −0.063 | −0.243** | −0.315** | 0.051 | 0.086 | 0.427** | 0.716** | 0.196* | 0.184* | −0.196* | 0.004 | 0.651** | 1 | |||
| Luxury (LU) 2019 | −0.006 | −0.112 | −0.049 | −0.131 | −0.199* | −0.183* | 0.05 | 0.083 | 0.588** | 0.358** | −0.199* | −0.186* | 0.171* | 0.197* | 1 | ||
| Luxury (LU) 2021 | −0.07 | −0.075 | −0.171* | −0.213** | −0.332** | −0.248** | −0.062 | 0.088 | 0.513** | 0.492** | −0.279** | −0.233** | 0.098 | 0.262** | 0.697** | 1 | |
| Citytourism (CI) 2019 | −0.149 | −0.198* | −0.215** | −0.271** | 0.101 | −0.02 | 0.518** | 0.432** | 0.273** | 0.179* | −0.195* | −0.152 | 0.738** | 0.602** | 0.324** | 0.235** | 1 |
| Citytourism (CI) 2021 | −0.101 | −0.098 | −0.236** | −0.200* | −0.062 | 0 | 0.193* | 0.443** | 0.258** | 0.292** | −0.297** | −0.166* | 0.394** | 0.671** | 0.319** | 0.451** | 0.621** |
| KMO = 0.60 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | Higher-order preference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2021 Beach 3 | 0.789 | Beach, Luxury and Shopping | |||
| 2021 Beach 2 | 0.772 | ||||
| 2021 Beach 1 | 0.738 | ||||
| 2021 Relaxation 3 | 0.723 | ||||
| 2021 Luxury 2 | 0.711 | ||||
| 2021 Family 1 | 0.674 | ||||
| 2021 Athletic 3 | 0.655 | ||||
| 2021 Luxury 3 | 0.611 | ||||
| 2021 Culture 1 | 0.543 | ||||
| 2021 Luxury 1 | 0.52 | ||||
| 2021 Entertainment 2 | 0.471 | ||||
| 2021 Shopping 1 | 0.457 | ||||
| 2021 City 1 | 0.44 | ||||
| 2021 Family 3 | 0.437 | 0.374 | |||
| 2021 Relaxation 1 | |||||
| 2021 Ethno 1 | 0.783 | Ethnotourism and Culture | |||
| 2021 Ethno 3 | 0.738 | ||||
| 2021 Culture 3 | 0.718 | ||||
| 2021 Culture 2 | 0.711 | 0.346 | |||
| 2021 Ethno 2 | 0.71 | ||||
| 2021 Adventure 2 | 0.577 | ||||
| 2021 Adventure 1 | 0.548 | ||||
| 2021 Camping 3 | 0.513 | −0.347 | 0.317 | ||
| 2021 Camping 1 | 0.485 | −0.469 | |||
| 2021 Shopping 2 | 0.45 | ||||
| 2021 Entertainment 1 | 0.449 | 0.317 | |||
| 2021 Shopping 3 | 0.425 | 0.333 | |||
| 2021 Entertainment 3 | 0.4 | 0.408 | |||
| 2021 Adventure 3 | 0.351 | ||||
| 2021 Athletic 1 | |||||
| 2021 Heritage 1 | 0.806 | Heritage, Sightseeing and City Tourism | |||
| 2021 Sightseeing 2 | 0.804 | ||||
| 2021 Sightseeing 3 | 0.789 | ||||
| 2021 Heritage 2 | 0.736 | 0.34 | |||
| 2021 City 2 | 0.719 | ||||
| 2021 Sightseeing 1 | 0.629 | ||||
| 2021 Heritage 3 | 0.571 | ||||
| 2021 Camping 2 | 0.393 | 0.33 | −0.412 | ||
| 2021 City 2 | 0.329 | 0.392 | |||
| 2021 Nature 1 | 0.882 | Nature and Spirituality | |||
| 2021 Nature 2 | 0.881 | ||||
| 2021 Nature 3 | 0.697 | ||||
| 2021 Family 2 | 0.662 | ||||
| 2021 Spirituality 1 | 0.62 | ||||
| 2021 Relaxation 2 | 0.589 | ||||
| 2021 Spirituality 3 | 0.496 | ||||
| 2021 Athletic 2 | 0.441 | ||||
| 2021 Spirituality 2 | 0.311 |
| KMO = 0.60 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | Higher-order preference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2021 Beach 3 | 0.789 | ||||
| 2021 Beach 2 | 0.772 | ||||
| 2021 Beach 1 | 0.738 | ||||
| 2021 Relaxation 3 | 0.723 | ||||
| 2021 Luxury 2 | 0.711 | ||||
| 2021 Family 1 | 0.674 | ||||
| 2021 Athletic 3 | 0.655 | ||||
| 2021 Luxury 3 | 0.611 | ||||
| 2021 Culture 1 | 0.543 | ||||
| 2021 Luxury 1 | 0.52 | ||||
| 2021 Entertainment 2 | 0.471 | ||||
| 2021 Shopping 1 | 0.457 | ||||
| 2021 City 1 | 0.44 | ||||
| 2021 Family 3 | 0.437 | 0.374 | |||
| 2021 Relaxation 1 | |||||
| 2021 Ethno 1 | 0.783 | ||||
| 2021 Ethno 3 | 0.738 | ||||
| 2021 Culture 3 | 0.718 | ||||
| 2021 Culture 2 | 0.711 | 0.346 | |||
| 2021 Ethno 2 | 0.71 | ||||
| 2021 Adventure 2 | 0.577 | ||||
| 2021 Adventure 1 | 0.548 | ||||
| 2021 Camping 3 | 0.513 | −0.347 | 0.317 | ||
| 2021 Camping 1 | 0.485 | −0.469 | |||
| 2021 Shopping 2 | 0.45 | ||||
| 2021 Entertainment 1 | 0.449 | 0.317 | |||
| 2021 Shopping 3 | 0.425 | 0.333 | |||
| 2021 Entertainment 3 | 0.4 | 0.408 | |||
| 2021 Adventure 3 | 0.351 | ||||
| 2021 Athletic 1 | |||||
| 2021 Heritage 1 | 0.806 | ||||
| 2021 Sightseeing 2 | 0.804 | ||||
| 2021 Sightseeing 3 | 0.789 | ||||
| 2021 Heritage 2 | 0.736 | 0.34 | |||
| 2021 City 2 | 0.719 | ||||
| 2021 Sightseeing 1 | 0.629 | ||||
| 2021 Heritage 3 | 0.571 | ||||
| 2021 Camping 2 | 0.393 | 0.33 | −0.412 | ||
| 2021 City 2 | 0.329 | 0.392 | |||
| 2021 Nature 1 | 0.882 | ||||
| 2021 Nature 2 | 0.881 | ||||
| 2021 Nature 3 | 0.697 | ||||
| 2021 Family 2 | 0.662 | ||||
| 2021 Spirituality 1 | 0.62 | ||||
| 2021 Relaxation 2 | 0.589 | ||||
| 2021 Spirituality 3 | 0.496 | ||||
| 2021 Athletic 2 | 0.441 | ||||
| 2021 Spirituality 2 | 0.311 |
Note(s): Extraction = PCA; Rotation = Promax; Unweighted Sample (n = 155)
Source(s): Table by authors