Table 2. Descriptive statistics... | Emerald Publishing

Table 2.

Descriptive statistics

Variable(s)	N	Mean	SD	p25	p50	p75	Min	Max
Panel A: Full sample
CSR_policy	2,443	0.7650	0.1602	0.7	0.8	0.9	0.3	1
Framework	2,443	0.0.6555	0.3410	0.3333	0.6667	1	0	1
Foreign_sales	2,443	52.5860	34.4697	18.98	59.21	84.56	0	98.71
Lev	2,443	0.1828	0.1302	0.0799	0.1687	0.2693	0	0.5359
Profit	2,443	0.0462	0.0528	0.0124	0.0388	0.0715	−0.1048	0.2311
Size	2,443	8.070	1.5444	6.9432	7.9526	9.1795	4.8175	11.5503
Mtb	2,443	2.6876	2.8415	0.9615	1.7911	3.4381	0.0945	17.6909
Analysts	2,443	2.6431	0.6503	2.3026	2.7726	3.1355	0	3.5553
AC_independence	2,443	94.4069	11.0944	100	100	100	50	100
SH_right	2,443	0.9415	0.2348	1	1	1	0	1
CSR_committee	2,443	0.7806	0.4139	1	1	1	0	1
Awards	2,443	0.4826	0.4998	0	0	1	0	1
Diversity	2,443	26.5788	16.8950	14.2860	25.0000	33.3330	0	89.4700
Institution	2,443	1.3214	0.3286	1.1532	1.4138	1.5125	0.2861	1.7738
GDP	2,443	10.6019	0.2940	10.5657	10.6643	10.7535	9.4397	11.0351
Civil	2,443	0.7278	0.4452	0	1	1	0	1

Variable(s)	N	Mean	SD	p25	p50	p75	Min	Max
Panel A: Full sample
CSR_policy	2,443	0.7650	0.1602	0.7	0.8	0.9	0.3	1
Framework	2,443	0.0.6555	0.3410	0.3333	0.6667	1	0	1
Foreign_sales	2,443	52.5860	34.4697	18.98	59.21	84.56	0	98.71
Lev	2,443	0.1828	0.1302	0.0799	0.1687	0.2693	0	0.5359
Profit	2,443	0.0462	0.0528	0.0124	0.0388	0.0715	−0.1048	0.2311
Size	2,443	8.070	1.5444	6.9432	7.9526	9.1795	4.8175	11.5503
Mtb	2,443	2.6876	2.8415	0.9615	1.7911	3.4381	0.0945	17.6909
Analysts	2,443	2.6431	0.6503	2.3026	2.7726	3.1355	0	3.5553
AC_independence	2,443	94.4069	11.0944	100	100	100	50	100
SH_right	2,443	0.9415	0.2348	1	1	1	0	1
CSR_committee	2,443	0.7806	0.4139	1	1	1	0	1
Awards	2,443	0.4826	0.4998	0	0	1	0	1
Diversity	2,443	26.5788	16.8950	14.2860	25.0000	33.3330	0	89.4700
Institution	2,443	1.3214	0.3286	1.1532	1.4138	1.5125	0.2861	1.7738
GDP	2,443	10.6019	0.2940	10.5657	10.6643	10.7535	9.4397	11.0351
Civil	2,443	0.7278	0.4452	0	1	1	0	1

Panel B: Sample distribution by year
Year	N	%	CSR_policy	Framework
2015	421	17.23	0.7278	0.6524
2016	433	17.72	0.7406	0.6520
2017	443	18.13	0.7650	0.6675
2018	564	23.09	0.7750	0.6460
2019	582	23.82	0.8002	0.6604
Total	2,443	100

Panel C: Sample distribution by country
Country	N	%	CSR_policy	Framework
Austria	52	2.13	0.7923	0.8013
Belgium	62	2.54	0.8000	0.7043
Denmark	65	2.66	0.6692	0.5590
Finland	77	3.15	0.8182	0.8355
France	265	10.85	0.8208	0.7145
Germany	239	9.78	0.8180	0.7866
Greece	35	1.43	0.7771	0.7810
Hungary	9	0.37	0.8333	0.7407
Ireland	29	1.19	0.7103	0.4598
Italy	113	4.63	0.7425	0.6578
The Netherlands	110	4.50	0.7364	0.6848
Poland	68	2.78	0.6397	0.6225
Portugal	32	1.31	0.8031	0.8542
Spain	106	4.34	0.8632	0.8962
Sweden	190	7.78	0.7411	0.8193
The UK	991	40.56	0.7435	0.5254
Total	2,443	100

Panel D: Sample distribution by industry
Industry	N	%	CSR_policy	Framework
Agriculture, forestry and fishing	4	0.16	0.9000	0.5833
Construction	162	6.63	0.7599	0.6502
Financial industries	381	15.60	0.6787	0.5897
Manufacturing	1029	42.12	0.8151	0.7331
Mining	45	1.84	0.7600	0.6667
Other	26	1.06	0.8115	0.7821
Retail trade	140	5.73	0.7179	0.3524
Services	248	10.15	0.7262	0.5484
Transportation and communications service	333	13.63	0.7631	0.7247
Wholesale trade	75	3.07	0.7307	0.5022
Total	2,443	100

Note(s): All variable definitions are in Appendix

Source(s): Table by author(s)